Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arniz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From a Proto-Indo-European *Her-, with original sense and exact identity of the laryngeal *H- uncertain, though Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎 (arənu, “battle”) appears to be a semantically appealing cognate.[1] The identity of the Indo-European root, including specified laryngeal, may be *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”), based on cognates that Orel adduces, such as Sanskrit अर्ण (árṇa, “(undulating, surging) water”), Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmĭ, “to set into motion”).[2] However, the e-coloring of *ernustuz would then be irregular and only explainable as a back-formation. The root for “to battle” has alternatively been reconstructed as *h₁er-, which is a better phonetic match but suffers the same semantic issues.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑrn.jɑz/

Adjective

*arniz[1]

  1. serious
  2. capable, diligent

Inflection

Declension of *arnjaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *arnjaz *arnjō *arnją, -atō *arnjai *arnjôz *arnjō
accusative *arnjanǭ *arnjǭ *arnją, -atō *arnjanz *arnjōz *arnjō
genitive *arnjas, -is *arnjaizōz *arnjas, -is *arnjaizǫ̂ *arnjaizǫ̂ *arnjaizǫ̂
dative *arnjammai *arnjaizōi *arnjammai *arnjaimaz *arnjaimaz *arnjaimaz
instrumental *arnjanō *arnjaizō *arnjanō *arnjaimiz *arnjaimiz *arnjaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *arnjô *arnjǭ *arnjô *arnjaniz *arnjōniz *arnjōnō
accusative *arnjanų *arnjōnų *arnjô *arnjanunz *arnjōnunz *arnjōnō
genitive *arnjiniz *arnjōniz *arnjiniz *arnjanǫ̂ *arnjōnǫ̂ *arnjanǫ̂
dative *arnjini *arnjōni *arnjini *arnjammaz *arnjōmaz *arnjammaz
instrumental *arnjinē *arnjōnē *arnjinē *arnjammiz *arnjōmiz *arnjammiz

Descendants

  • Old Norse: ern (“brisk, vigorous”)
    • Icelandic: ern (“idem”)
  • Gothic: *𐌰𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*arns)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arnja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*arniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 24
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