Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barkuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós (source of Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑr.kuz/

Noun

*barkuz m

bark of a tree
Synonym: *rindǭ

Inflection

Declension of *barkuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*barkuz	*barkiwiz
vocative	*barku	*barkiwiz
accusative	*barkų	*barkunz
genitive	*barkauz	*barkiwǫ̂
dative	*barkiwi	*barkumaz
instrumental	*barkū	*barkumiz

Related terms

*barką
*berkō
*birkijǭ
*burkō

Descendants

Old Frisian: *bark, *berk
- Saterland Frisian: Boark
- West Frisian: berk
Old Saxon: *barku
- Middle Low German: barke, borke
  - German Low German: Bark, Borke
    - Plautdietsch: Boakj
  - → German: Borke
  - → Saterland Frisian: Boarke
Old Dutch: *bark, *berk
- Middle Dutch: barc, berc
  - Dutch: bark
Old Norse: bǫrkr
- Icelandic: börkur
- Faroese: børkur, bark
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bork; (dialectal) bork’e, børk
- Old Swedish: barker
  - Swedish: bark
- Old Danish: bark
  - Danish: bark
    - Norwegian Bokmål: bark
- → Old English: barc
  - Middle English: bark, barke
    - English: bark
    - Scots: bark
- → Kildin Sami: па̄ҏҏк (pār̥r̥k)
→ Proto-Samic: *pārkkō (see there for further descendants)