Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-[1]) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).[2]

Likely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)[3] and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).[1][4][5]

De Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).[6]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸɛː.lɑz/

Adjective

*fēlaz[5]

  1. terrifying

Inflection

Declension of *fēlaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *fēlaz *fēlō *fēlą, -atō *fēlai *fēlôz *fēlō
accusative *fēlanǭ *fēlǭ *fēlą, -atō *fēlanz *fēlōz *fēlō
genitive *fēlas, -is *fēlaizōz *fēlas, -is *fēlaizǫ̂ *fēlaizǫ̂ *fēlaizǫ̂
dative *fēlammai *fēlaizōi *fēlammai *fēlaimaz *fēlaimaz *fēlaimaz
instrumental *fēlanō *fēlaizō *fēlanō *fēlaimiz *fēlaimiz *fēlaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *fēlô *fēlǭ *fēlô *fēlaniz *fēlōniz *fēlōnō
accusative *fēlanų *fēlōnų *fēlô *fēlanunz *fēlōnunz *fēlōnō
genitive *fēliniz *fēlōniz *fēliniz *fēlanǫ̂ *fēlōnǫ̂ *fēlanǫ̂
dative *fēlini *fēlōni *fēlini *fēlammaz *fēlōmaz *fēlammaz
instrumental *fēlinē *fēlōnē *fēlinē *fēlammiz *fēlōmiz *fēlammiz

Derived terms

  • *fēlijaną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fāl
    • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland
      • Old Saxon: *fāland
      • Old Dutch: *fālant
        • Middle Dutch: valant
          • ⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)
      • Old High German: fālant
        • Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland
          • German: Valand, Voland, Faland
      • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini
        • Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina
          • Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)
        • Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina
          • Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne
  • ⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)
    • Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”) (second sense influenced by fælinn?)
  • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)
    • Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)
      • Icelandic: fæla
      • Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)
      • ⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)
        • Icelandic: fælinn
          • ⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)
        • Norwegian: fælen
        • ⇒ Danish: fæl (derived like gal from galinn;[7] or from Old Norse fælt (adverb)[8])
        • ⇒ Norwegian: fæl

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pelh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 469-470
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pel-1”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 801: “G. Wörter für 'schwingen, schütteln, zittern, hin- und herbewegen'”
  3. ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “us-filma”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 381
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1167: “πελεμίζω”
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Köbler, Gerhard: Germanisches Wörterbuch, (5. Auflage) 2014: F
  6. ^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “felmsfullr”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 117
  7. ^ “fæl” in Den Danske Ordbog
  8. ^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “fæla”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 149
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