Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrainiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *króy-n-is, a possibly-vṛddhied adjectival formation from an unattested *hrinaną, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to divide, sift”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxrɑi̯.niz/

Adjective

*hrainiz (comparative *hrainizô, superlative *hrainistaz)

Inflection

Declension of *hrainiz (i-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hrainiz	*hrainī	hrainį, -jatō	*hrainijai	*hrainijôz	*hrainijō
accusative	*hrainijanǭ	*hrainijǭ	hrainį, -jatō	*hrainijanz	*hrainijōz	*hrainijō
genitive	hrainijas, hrainīs	*hrainijaizōz	hrainijas, hrainīs	*hrainijaizǫ̂	*hrainijaizǫ̂	*hrainijaizǫ̂
dative	*hrainijammai	*hrainijaizōi	*hrainijammai	*hrainijaimaz	*hrainijaimaz	*hrainijaimaz
instrumental	*hrainijanō	*hrainijaizō	*hrainijanō	*hrainijaimiz	*hrainijaimiz	*hrainijaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hrainijô	*hrainijǭ	*hrainijô	*hrainijaniz	*hrainijōniz	*hrainijōnō
accusative	*hrainijanų	*hrainijōnų	*hrainijô	*hrainijanunz	*hrainijōnunz	*hrainijōnō
genitive	*hrainīniz	*hrainijōniz	*hrainīniz	*hrainijanǫ̂	*hrainijōnǫ̂	*hrainijanǫ̂
dative	*hrainīni	*hrainijōni	*hrainīni	*hrainijammaz	*hrainijōmaz	*hrainijammaz
instrumental	*hrainīnē	*hrainijōnē	*hrainīnē	*hrainijammiz	*hrainijōmiz	*hrainijammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hrainī
- Old Saxon: hrēni
  - Middle Low German: rein
    - Low German: rein, ren
- Old Dutch: reini
  - Middle Dutch: reine
    - Dutch: rein
      - Afrikaans: rein
      - Negerhollands: rein
    - Limburgish: rein
- Old High German: reini
  - Middle High German: reine
    - German: rein
    - Yiddish: ריין (reyn)
Old Norse: hreinn
- Icelandic: hreinn
- Faroese: reinur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: rein
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: rein
- Elfdalian: rien
- Old Swedish: rēn
  - Swedish: ren
- Danish: ren
  - Norwegian Bokmål: ren
- Gutnish: rainar, rain
Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains)
→ Proto-Finnic: *rainis (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Samic: *rājnës (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hraini-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hraini-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

[1]