Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) +‎ *-janą or a causative verb from *hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈxʷɑl.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwalbijaną[1][2]

  1. to cause to turn over
  2. to vault

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwalbijō *hwalbijaų — *hwalbijai ?
2nd singular *hwalbīsi *hwalbijais *hwalbī *hwalbijasai *hwalbijaisau
3rd singular *hwalbīþi *hwalbijai *hwalbijaþau *hwalbijaþai *hwalbijaiþau
1st dual *hwalbijōs *hwalbijaiw — — —
2nd dual *hwalbijaþiz *hwalbijaiþiz *hwalbijaþiz — —
1st plural *hwalbijamaz *hwalbijaim — *hwalbijanþai *hwalbijainþau
2nd plural *hwalbīþ *hwalbijaiþ *hwalbīþ *hwalbijanþai *hwalbijainþau
3rd plural *hwalbijanþi *hwalbijain *hwalbijanþau *hwalbijanþai *hwalbijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwalbidǭ *hwalbidēdį̄
2nd singular *hwalbidēz *hwalbidēdīz
3rd singular *hwalbidē *hwalbidēdī
1st dual *hwalbidēdū *hwalbidēdīw
2nd dual *hwalbidēdudiz *hwalbidēdīdiz
1st plural *hwalbidēdum *hwalbidēdīm
2nd plural *hwalbidēdud *hwalbidēdīd
3rd plural *hwalbidēdun *hwalbidēdīn
present past
participles *hwalbijandz *hwalbidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwalbijan
    • Old English: *hwielfan, *hwylfan
      • ⇒ Old English: behwielfan, behwylfan
    • Old Saxon: *hwelbian
    • Old Dutch: *welven
    • Old High German: *welben
      • Middle High German: welben
  • Old Norse: hvelfa
    • Icelandic: hvelfa, hvolfa, hvölfa
    • Faroese: hvølfa
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvelva; (dialectal) kvolva
    • Old Swedish: hvælva
      • Swedish: välva, (pre-1906 spelling) hvälfva

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwalbjan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xwalbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
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