Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swindaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Of uncertain origin. Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)wendʰ- (“to dwindle”), and compared with Proto-Slavic *vę̀dnǫti (“to fade, wither”) as well as perhaps Old Armenian քանդել (kʻandel, “to demolish, break up”). Alternatively, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *swīnaną, *dwīnaną, *þwīnaną (“to dwindle”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to dwindle”), though this is phonetically difficult.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswin.dɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*swindaną
- (West Germanic) To dwindle
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *swindō | *swindaų | — | *swindai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *swindizi | *swindaiz | *swind | *swindazai | *swindaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *swindidi | *swindai | *swindadau | *swindadai | *swindaidau | |
| 1st dual | *swindōz | *swindaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *swindadiz | *swindaidiz | *swindadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *swindamaz | *swindaim | — | *swindandai | *swindaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *swindid | *swindaid | *swindid | *swindandai | *swindaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *swindandi | *swindain | *swindandau | *swindandai | *swindaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *swand | *swundį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *swanst | *swundīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *swand | *swundī | ||||
| 1st dual | *swundū | *swundīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *swundudiz | *swundīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *swundum | *swundīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *swundud | *swundīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *swundun | *swundīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *swindandz | *swundanaz | ||||
Derived terms
- *swandijaną
- *swindlōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swindan
References
- ^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “schwinden”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN