Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrōgijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wrōk- (speech, complaint), from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (to speak, say, tell). Cognate with Russian врать (vratʹ, to lie, fib).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwrɔː.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrōgijaną

  1. to tell, speak, proclaim, shout
  2. to accuse

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wrōgijō *wrōgijaų *wrōgijai ?
2nd singular *wrōgīsi *wrōgijais *wrōgī *wrōgijasai *wrōgijaisau
3rd singular *wrōgīþi *wrōgijai *wrōgijaþau *wrōgijaþai *wrōgijaiþau
1st dual *wrōgijōs *wrōgijaiw
2nd dual *wrōgijaþiz *wrōgijaiþiz *wrōgijaþiz
1st plural *wrōgijamaz *wrōgijaim *wrōgijanþai *wrōgijainþau
2nd plural *wrōgīþ *wrōgijaiþ *wrōgīþ *wrōgijanþai *wrōgijainþau
3rd plural *wrōgijanþi *wrōgijain *wrōgijanþau *wrōgijanþai *wrōgijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wrōgidǭ *wrōgidēdį̄
2nd singular *wrōgidēz *wrōgidēdīz
3rd singular *wrōgidē *wrōgidēdī
1st dual *wrōgidēdū *wrōgidēdīw
2nd dual *wrōgidēdudiz *wrōgidēdīdiz
1st plural *wrōgidēdum *wrōgidēdīm
2nd plural *wrōgidēdud *wrōgidēdīd
3rd plural *wrōgidēdun *wrōgidēdīn
present past
participles *wrōgijandz *wrōgidaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wrōgijan
    • Old English: wrēġan
      • Middle English: wreyen, wrayen
    • Old Frisian: wrēia
    • Old Saxon: wrōgian
      • Middle Low German: wrȫgen, wrugen, rȫgen
        • German Low German: wrögen
    • Old Dutch: *wruogen
    • Old High German: ruogen
      • Middle High German: rüegen, ruogen
  • Old Norse: rǿgja
  • Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrōhjan)