Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/témHos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *temH- (“to be dark”) +‎ *-os.

Noun

*témHos n (oblique stem *témHes-)

darkness
Synonyms: *h₁régʷos, *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*témHos
genitive	*témHesos
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*témHos	*témHesih₁	*témHōs
vocative	*témHos	*témHesih₁	*témHōs
accusative	*témHos	*témHesih₁	*témHōs
genitive	*témHesos	*?	*témHesoHom
ablative	*témHesos	*?	témHesmos, témHesbʰos
dative	*témHesey	*?	témHesmos, témHesbʰos
locative	témHes, témHesi	*?	*témHesu
instrumental	*témHesh₁	*?	témHesmis, témHesbʰis

Derived terms

*témH-es-los (“dark; darkness”)
- Proto-Celtic: *temeslos (see there for further descendants)
*témH-(e)s-ros (“dark; darkness”)
- Proto-Germanic: *þimstraz
  - Proto-West Germanic: *þimstr (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHsram (“darkness, dark night”) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Proto-Common Turkic: *tamu (“hell”)
- Proto-Italic: *temazrā f (“darkness”)
  - Latin: tenebrae (“darkness; shadow of death, gloom”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *þemaz? *þemazą/*þemarą?
- Proto-West Germanic: *þimr
  - Old High German: demar (“dusk”)
    - Middle High German: demere
      - German: Dämmer, Dämmerung
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHas (“darkness”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *temezi (“in darkness, blindly”, locative singular)
- Latin: temere (“by accident”)