Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/támHas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *témH-os ~ *témH-es-os.

Noun

*támHas n^[1]

darkness

Inflection

neuter as-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*támHas	*támHasiH	*támHās
vocative	*támHas	*támHasiH	*támHās
accusative	*támHas	*támHasiH	*támHās
instrumental	*támHasaH	*támHazbʰyā(m)	*támHazbʰiš
ablative	*támHasas	*támHazbʰyā(m)	*támHazbʰyas
dative	*támHasay	*támHazbʰyā(m)	*támHazbʰyas
genitive	*támHasas	*támHasHās	*támHasaHam
locative	*támHasi	*támHasHaw	*támHasu

Derived terms

*tamHasás (“dark”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tamHasás
  - Sanskrit: तमस (tamasá)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tamHaháh
  - Avestan: 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (təmaŋha)
*tamHásriH (“darkness”) (contamination with *támHsram)
- Proto-Nuristani: *tramášī (metathesis)
  - Northern Nuristani:
    - Kamkata-viri:
      Kamviri: tramšë́ (“twilight”) (< *tramašikā́)
  - Southern Nuristani:
    - Waigali: trëmëšë (“dark, stingy”) (< *tramašikā́)
*támHaswāns

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *támHas
- Sanskrit: तमस् (támas) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *támHah
- Avestan: 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah)
- Central Kurdish: تەم (tem, “darkness, fog”)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (t(w)m /⁠tom⁠/, “darkness”)
  - Persian: تم (tam, “darkness, blackness, cataract”)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “támas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “támas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1]