Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grudьňь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative form

*grudьnъ

Etymology

From *gruda (“heap, lump”) +‎ *-ьňь,^[1] i.e. the months where the ground is cold and congealed into uneven lumps.^[2]

Noun

*grudьňь m^[1]^[3]

December; November

Declension

Declension of *grudьňь (soft o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grudьňь	*grudьňa	*grudьňi
genitive	*grudьňa	*grudьňu	*grudьňь
dative	*grudьňu	*grudьňema	*grudьňemъ
accusative	*grudьňь	*grudьňa	*grudьňę̇
instrumental	grudьňьmь, grudьňemь^*	*grudьňema	*grudьňi
locative	*grudьňi	*grudьňu	*grudьňixъ
vocative	*grudьňu	*grudьňa	*grudьňi

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants

From *grudьňь:

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грудьнь (grudĭnĭ, “November”)
  - Old Ruthenian: гру́день (hrúdenʹ), кгру́день (grúdenʹ, “December; November”)
    - Belarusian: гру́дзень (hrúdzjenʹ, “December”) (dialectal)
    - Ukrainian: гру́день (hrúdenʹ, “December”)
  - Russian: гру́день (grúdenʹ, “December; November”) (archaic)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Russian Church Slavonic: гру́ден҄ь (grúdenʹĭ, “December”)
West Slavic:
- Old Polish: grudzień (“November”)
  - Polish: grudzień (“December”)
  - Silesian: grudziyń (“December”)
- Slovak: hrudeň (“September”) (dialectal)

From *grudьnъ:

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грудьнъ (grudĭnŭ, “November”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱆⰴⱐⱀⱏ (grudĭnŭ, “November”)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: гроудьнъ (grudĭnŭ, “November”)
  - Bulgarian: гру́ден (grúden, “November”) (obsolete)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: грудан (“December”)
  
  Latin script: grudan (“December”)
  - Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: gruden
- Slovene: grúdən (“December”) (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hruden (“December”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grudьnъ(jь) I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 153
^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “grudzień”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 182
^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “grudьnъ 2 : grudьn'ь”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 251