Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ni

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Perhaps earlier *-nig if so, cognate with the form *-ig.

Suffix

*-ni

  1. Suffix creating the accusative case.
    ‎*biŕ (“we”) + ‎*-ni → ‎*biŕni (“us (accusative)”)
    (Old Turkic) Synonym: *-ig

Usage notes

  1. (Old Turkic) Old Turkic instead uses an -ig variant that is entirely replaced by -ni by Middle Turkic.
    ‎*at (“horse”) + ‎*-ni → ‎*atïg (“the horse (accusative)”)
  2. (Common Turkic) The third person possessive suffix is taken without the letter -i.
    ‎*anïŋ ebi (“his/her/its house”) + ‎*-ni → ‎*anïŋ ebin (“his/her/its house (accusative)”)
  3. (Old Turkic) The first and second person singular possessive suffix instead takes the form -in.
    ‎*beniŋ ebim (“my house”) + ‎*-ni → ‎*beniŋ ebimin (“my house (accusative)”)
    ‎*seniŋ ebiŋ (“your house”) + ‎*-ni → ‎*seniŋ ebiŋin (“your house (accusative)”)
  • *-de (“locative case”)
  • *-den (“ablative case”)
  • *-gerü (“allative case”)
  • *-ka (“dative case”)
  • *-niŋ (“genitive case”)
  • *-če (“equative case”)

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Bulgar: نَ- (-ne, -na)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: (after consonant) -i, -ı, (after vowel) -ni, -nı
      • Gagauz: (after consonant) -i, -ı, (after vowel) -yi, -yı
      • Ottoman Turkish:
        • Turkish: (after consonant) -i, -ı, (after vowel) -yi, -yı
    • Salar: -ni, -nı
    • Turkmen: (after consonant) -i, -y, (after vowel) -ni, -ny
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰤𐰃- (-ni), 𐰤- (-n), 𐰏- (-ig)

References

  • Gabain, Annemarie Von (2013) Berrin Akçalı, transl., Eski Türkçede Zamirler‎[1], volume 61, number 1, Belleten, pages 131–142}
  • Tekin, Talât (2000) Orhon Türkçesi Grameri [a Grammer of Orkhon Turkic (Turkish version)]‎[2] (in Turkish), Ankara, →ISBN, pages 107-110
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