Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/qag

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Proto-Yeniseian numbers (edit)
[a], [b], [c] ←  1  ←  7 10
1[a], [b], [c]
    Cardinal: *qag
    Ordinal: *qagwasVŋʷ
    Adverbial: *qagpa
    Collective: *qagɟe

Alternative reconstructions

  • *qogə, *χɔɢa (per Werner 2002)
  • *qogʌ, *qagʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *qok (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: ?-k.2)

Etymology

Back-formation from *qag-Vŋʷ (“full”), referring to the fact that all fingers are used when one counts using their fingers. According to Werner (2002), a compound of *qo (“ten”) +‎ *kə ('Numerativwort').

Numeral

*qag (ordinal *qag-was-Vŋʷ)

  1. (cardinal number) ten, 10

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: xojum (Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: kogem, kogom, kogon, kon
      • Ket: ӄө (qō), ӄөсь (qōsʲ) (counting form)
    • Ostyak Yug: xogem
      • Yug: хо (χō)
        • ⇒ Yug: хос (χōs), хошь (χōšʲ) (counting form used with animate objects)
        • ⇒ Yug: хосэ (χosɛ) (counting form used with animate objects)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Assan: hagiaŋ (used with animate objects / cf. Pumpokolic *xa(ŋ)-Vŋʷ)
    • Assan: xaha (used with inanimate objects)
    • ⇒ Assan: hag- (attributive)
    • Kott: haga, hâga (haːga), xakče
    • ⇒ Kott: hag- (attributive)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: kova, qoa, hioga
    • ⇒ Arin: kus- (attributive)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: chaiàng, xajáŋ, xaijaŋ (used with animate objects)
    • ⇒ Pumpokol: xa- (attributive)

Further reading

  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “'10'b”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 246 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Coda-k.2 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*qogʌ < *qagʌ (1, 2)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 678-679
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 440-441
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “¹qoˑ (III)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 126
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “ten”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 327
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.