benaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *binati (“to strike, hit”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈbʲenɨðʲ]

Verb

benaid (conjunct ·ben, verbal noun béim or bíth)

  1. to hit, strike
    • c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 1353
      Bentai Cú Chulaind cona chlaidiub asa díb n-axalaib co torchair a étach de, ⁊ ní forbai ima chnes.
      Cú Chulainn struck him [Etarcomol] with his sword under his armpits so that his garments fell off of him, yet he did not cut into his skin.
    • c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 51
      Bíthi cloï tria chossa,   alaili tria bánbossa.
      Nails were driven through his feet, others through his white palms.
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 39a19
      nu·n-ailte .i. no·mbethe son.
      that he be struck, i.e. that he be beaten.

Conjugation

Simple, class B IV present, reduplicated preterite, i future, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative abs. benaim benai benaid; bentai (with suffixed pronoun -i) benait benir, benair bentair
conj. ·rubaim (ro-form) ·ben ·benat ·benar ·bentar
rel. benas benar
imperfect indicative ·benad ·bentais
preterite abs. béo bí bíthai
conj. ·bí ·béotar ·bíth ·bítha
rel. bie
perfect deut. ro·bí ro·béotar ro·bíth ro·bítha
prot. ·ruba ·ruba ·rubai ·rubatar ·rubad
future abs. biu bíthus (with suffixed pronoun -us)
conj. ·biu ·biter
rel.
conditional ·biad ·bithe
present subjunctive abs. bethir betir
conj. ·rubai (ro-form) ·bia ·bether; ·ruibther (ro-form)
rel.
past subjunctive ·rubad (prototonic ro-form) ro·betais (deuterotonic ro-form); ·rubaitis, ·rubtais (prototonic ro-form) ·bethae
imperative ben benad benaid benat benar
verbal noun béim; bíth
past participle bíthe
verbal of necessity bethi

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: bain

Mutation

Mutation of benaid
radical lenition nasalization
benaid benaid
pronounced with /βʲ-/		 mbenaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.