iad
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.
Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iəd̪ˠ/
Pronoun
iad (emphatic form iadsan, disjunctive)
See also
| person | conjunctive (emphatic) |
disjunctive (emphatic) |
possessive determiner | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | first | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | ||
| second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | ||
| third | m | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
| f | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | ||
| n | — | ea | — | ||
| plural | first | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | ||
| second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | |||
| third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E | ||
Mutation
| radical | eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| iad | n-iad | hiad | not applicable |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “iad”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “íat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “iad”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “iad”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hāídēs). Compare Bulgarian ад (ad).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjad/
- Rhymes: -ad
- Hyphenation: iad
Audio: (file)
Noun
iad n (plural iaduri)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | iad | iadul | iaduri | iadurile | |
| genitive-dative | iad | iadului | iaduri | iadurilor | |
| vocative | iadule | iadurilor | |||
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish íat. Cognates include Irish iad and Manx ad.
Pronunciation
- (Lewis) IPA(key): /at̪/, (accented) /ˈi.at̪/, /ˈe.at̪/, [ˈɪ.at̪][1]
- (North Uist) IPA(key): /at̪/, (accented) /aːt̪/[2]
- (Benbecula, South Uist, Barra) IPA(key): /at̪/, (accented) /ɛːt̪/[3][4]
- (Wester Ross) IPA(key): /atʲ/, (accented) /ɛːtʲ/[5] (as if spelled aid or èid)
Pronoun
iad (emphatic iadsan)
Derived terms
See also
| simple | emphatic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| first person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne | |
| second person | thu, tu1 | sibh2 | thusa, tusa1 | sibhse2 | |
| third person |
m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
| f | i | ise | |||
1 Used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
2 sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.
References
- ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
- ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
- ^ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
- ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
- ^ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
Further reading
- MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “iad”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language[2], Stirling, →ISBN
Welsh
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -aːd
Noun
iad f (plural iadau)
- Crown of the head, pate; top, summit.
Mutation
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| iad | unchanged | unchanged | hiad |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.