kná

See also: KNA, knä, and knæ

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *knēaną, whence also English know. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (to know).

Verb

kná

  1. (defective) can, could
    • c. 9th century, inscription on the Rök runestone
      sakum| |mukmini uaim si burin| |niþʀ troki uilin is þat knuo knati| |iatun
      Sǫgum múgminni/ungmenni, hveim sé borinn niðr drengi. Vilinn er þat. Knúa/knýja knátti jǫtun.
      I say the folktale/to the young men, to whom is born a relative, to a valiant man. It is Vélinn. He could crush a giant.

Conjugation

This verb is defective. Notably, the expected infinitive *knega is unattested.

Conjugation of kná (preterite-present)
infinitive
present participle knegandi
past participle
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular kná knátta knega knætta
2nd person singular knátt knáttir knegir knættir
3rd person singular kná knátti knegi knætti
1st person plural knegum knáttum knegim knættim
2nd person plural kneguð knáttuð knegið knættið
3rd person plural knegu knáttu knegi knætti
imperative present
2nd person singular kneg
1st person plural knegum
2nd person plural kneguð

Descendants

  • Icelandic: knega

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kná”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 244; also available at the Internet Archive