tarfu

Welsh

Etymology

Perhaps[1] from the same root as Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”), and Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”), which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”).

Verb

tarfu (first-person singular present tarfaf)

  1. to frighten, to scare off
  2. to disrupt, to disturb
    • 2022 February 21, “'Teimlo fel bod llai o werth' ar blant ag anghenion dysgu”, in BBC Cymru Fyw‎[1]:
      Mae Aliou, sy'n naw oed ac yn mynychu ysgol arbennig ger Castell-nedd, yn dal i wynebu tarfu mawr ar ei addysg.
      Aliou, who is nine years old and attends a special school near Neath, still faces great disruption to his education.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future tarfaf terfi tarfa tarfwn terfwch, tarfwch tarfant terfir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		tarfwn tarfit tarfai tarfem tarfech tarfent terfid
preterite terfais terfaist tarfodd tarfasom tarfasoch tarfasant tarfwyd
pluperfect tarfaswn tarfasit tarfasai tarfasem tarfasech tarfasent tarfasid, tarfesid
present subjunctive tarfwyf terfych tarfo tarfom tarfoch tarfont tarfer
imperative — tarfa tarfed tarfwn terfwch, tarfwch tarfent tarfer
verbal noun tarfu
verbal adjectives tarfedig
tarfadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future tarfa i,
tarfaf i 		tarfi di tarfith o/e/hi,
tarfiff e/hi 		tarfwn ni tarfwch chi tarfan nhw
conditional tarfwn i,
tarfswn i 		tarfet ti,
tarfset ti 		tarfai fo/fe/hi,
tarfsai fo/fe/hi 		tarfen ni,
tarfsen ni 		tarfech chi,
tarfsech chi 		tarfen nhw,
tarfsen nhw
preterite tarfais i,
tarfes i 		tarfaist ti,
tarfest ti 		tarfodd o/e/hi tarfon ni tarfoch chi tarfon nhw
imperative — tarfa — — tarfwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • tarfu ar (“to disturb”)
  • tarfiad (“disturbance, interruption”)

References

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tarfu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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