torvus

Latin

Etymology

From the same root as Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”), Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), Welsh tarfu (“to scare away”), which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”).[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

torvus (feminine torva, neuter torvum, adverb torviter); first/second-declension adjective

  1. savage, fierce, harsh, stern
    Synonyms: trux, saevus, truculentus, ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, acerbus, sevērus
  2. pitiless, grim

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative torvus torva torvum torvī torvae torva
genitive torvī torvae torvī torvōrum torvārum torvōrum
dative torvō torvae torvō torvīs
accusative torvum torvam torvum torvōs torvās torva
ablative torvō torvā torvō torvīs
vocative torve torva torvum torvī torvae torva

Descendants

  • French: torve
  • Italian: torvo
  • Portuguese: torvo
  • Spanish: torvo

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “torvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 625

Further reading

  • “torvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “torvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • torvus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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