堨

堨	U+5828, 堨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5828

← 堧
[U+5827]

CJK Unified Ideographs

堩 →
[U+5829]

Translingual

Han character

堨 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土日心女 (GAPV), four-corner 4612₇, composition ⿰土曷)

daub

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5264
Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 463, character 3
Unihan data for U+5828

Chinese

trad.		堨
simp. ^#		堨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愒	kʰaːds, kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	qaːds, qaːd
餲	qraːds, qrads, ɡaːd, qaːd
喝	qraːds, qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	kʰrads, ked, kʰrad, ɡrad, kad, ɡad
偈	ɡrads, ɡrad
猲	kʰob, qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	klaːd, rab
渴	kʰaːd, ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	qʰaːd, qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	ɡaːd, ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	kʰreːd, kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	kʰraːd, ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	ɡrad, ɡad
碣	ɡrad, ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): è, ài, yè (e⁴, ai⁴, ye⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ, ㄞˋ, ㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaat³ / aat³ / ngoi³ / ngoi² / oi² / oi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Yale: è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ài
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Yale: ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yè
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yè
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
  - Yale: yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
  - Palladius: е (je)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngaat³ / aat³ / ngoi³ / ngoi² / oi² / oi³
  - Yale: ngaat / aat / ngoi / ngói / ói / oi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaat⁸ / aat⁸ / ngoi³ / ngoi² / oi² / oi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngad³ / ad³ / ngoi³ / ngoi² / oi² / oi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːt̚³/, /aːt̚³/, /ŋɔːi̯³³/, /ŋɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Middle Chinese: 'at

Rime
Character	堨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏葛切
Baxter	'at
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔat̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ot³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5039
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	遏
Old Chinese	/*qaːd/

Definitions

堨

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References

“堨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

堨

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): げつ (getsu)、げち (gechi)、あつ (atsu)、あち (achi)、あい (ai)
Kun: るせき (ruseki)、ほこり (hokori)