敲
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Translingual
Han character
敲 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜水 (YBYE), four-corner 01247, composition ⿰高攴)
Derived characters
- 𡁞
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 474, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13337
- Dae Jaweon: page 828, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1471, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6572
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 敲 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 高 | *kaːw |
| 膏 | *kaːw, *kaːws |
| 篙 | *kaːw |
| 稿 | *kaːwʔ |
| 稾 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws |
| 槁 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ |
| 縞 | *kaːwʔ, *kaːws |
| 暠 | *kaːwʔ |
| 槀 | *kaːwʔ |
| 藁 | *kaːwʔ |
| 燺 | *kʰaːwʔ |
| 薧 | *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw |
| 犒 | *kʰaːws |
| 蒿 | *qʰaːw |
| 藃 | *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw |
| 豪 | *ɡaːw |
| 毫 | *ɡaːw |
| 壕 | *ɡaːw |
| 濠 | *ɡaːw |
| 鎬 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 滈 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 鄗 | *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 鰝 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 薃 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 搞 | *kruːʔ |
| 敲 | *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws |
| 髇 | *qʰraːw |
| 嗃 | *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 巐 | *kʰl'awʔ |
| 歊 | *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ |
| 謞 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 熇 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 碻 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 塙 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 毃 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 翯 | *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ |
| 瀥 | *qʰraːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws): phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 攴 (“to hit lightly; to tap”).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
敲 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): haau1
- Gan (Wiktionary): kau1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qiau1
- Northern Min (KCR): kò̤ / kâu
- Eastern Min (BUC): kiĕu / ká
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1khau; 1chiau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kau1 / qiau1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiāo
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciao
- Wade–Giles: chʻiao1
- Yale: chyāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiau
- Palladius: цяо (cjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: kao1 / qiao1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kao / kiao
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰau⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰiau⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haau1
- Yale: hāau
- Cantonese Pinyin: haau1
- Guangdong Romanization: hao1
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khau
- Hakka Romanization System: kau
- Hagfa Pinyim: kau4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kauˇ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰau¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: kau1 / kiau1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰau⁴⁴/, /kʰiau⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kò̤ / kâu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔ⁴²/, /kʰau³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
Note: kiĕu - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khà
- Tâi-lô: khà
- Phofsit Daibuun: qax
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kʰa⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰa¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰa²¹/
- IPA (Kinmen): /kʰa¹²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khau
- Tâi-lô: khau
- Phofsit Daibuun: qaw
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰau⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰau³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu
- Tâi-lô: khàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: qaux
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰau²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Philippines)
Note:
- khà - vernacular;
- khau, khàu - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiao1 / kiou1 / ka3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiau / khiou / khà
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiau³³/, /kʰiou³³/, /kʰa²¹³/
- Wu
Note:
- 1khau - vernacular;
- 1qiau - literary.
Note:
- kau1 - vernacular;
- qiau1 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: khaew, khaewH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰraːw/, /*kʰraːws/
Definitions
敲
- to hit; to strike; to tap; to rap; to knock
- (colloquial) to rip off; to overcharge; to blackmail
- (colloquial) to criticize; to warn
- (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to call someone (by phone); to telephone
- 我昨日敲予先生。 [Philippine Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
- Góa chǎ-li̍t khà hō͘ sian-siⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- I called the teacher yesterday (on the phone).
- (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to knock down; to remove; to demolish
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to alter (clothes)
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete (among businesses)
Synonyms
- (to hit):
- (to rip off):
Compounds
- 三敲六問 / 三敲六问
- 亂棒胡敲 / 乱棒胡敲
- 刻敲
- 吃敲才
- 吃敲材
- 吃敲賊 / 吃敲贼
- 唾壺敲缺 / 唾壶敲缺
- 戛玉敲冰
- 戛玉敲金
- 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
- 撩兒敲兒 / 撩儿敲儿
- 擊玉敲金 / 击玉敲金
- 敲冰戛玉
- 敲冰求火
- 敲冰煮茗
- 敲冰玉屑
- 敲冰紙 / 敲冰纸
- 敲冰索火
- 敲削
- 敲剝 / 敲剥 (qiāobō)
- 敲句
- 敲吟
- 敲坷垃
- 敲字邊 / 敲字边 (qiāozìbiān)
- 敲定 (qiāodìng)
- 敲尖
- 敲山振虎
- 敲山震虎
- 敲彈 / 敲弹
- 敲才
- 敲扑
- 敲打 (qiāodǎ)
- 敲拍
- 敲掉
- 敲推
- 敲搒
- 敲搕
- 敲搗 / 敲捣
- 敲撲 / 敲扑
- 敲擊 / 敲击 (qiāojī)
- 敲擊樂器 / 敲击乐器
- 敲擊音樂 / 敲击音乐
- 敲日
- 敲更
- 敲朴
- 敲枰
- 敲棋
- 敲榜
- 敲榨勒索
- 敲殺 / 敲杀
- 敲比
- 敲沙罐 (qiāo shāguàn)
- 敲油
- 敲火
- 敲牙
- 敲牙料嘴
- 敲牛宰馬 / 敲牛宰马
- 敲矢
- 敲石
- 敲碁
- 敲碎
- 敲磕
- 敲磨
- 敲竹杠 (qiāo zhúgàng)
- 敲竹槓 / 敲竹杠 (qiāo zhúgàng)
- 敲竹竿
- 敲絲 / 敲丝
- 敲膏吸髓
- 敲菱殼 / 敲菱壳
- 敲訂 / 敲订
- 敲詐 / 敲诈 (qiāozhà)
- 敲詐勒索 / 敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
- 敲詩 / 敲诗
- 敲邊鼓 / 敲边鼓
- 敲金戛玉
- 敲金擊玉 / 敲金击玉
- 敲金擊石 / 敲金击石
- 敲釘錘 / 敲钉锤
- 敲釘鎚 / 敲钉锤
- 敲釘鑽脚 / 敲钉钻脚
- 敲釘鑽腳 / 敲钉钻脚
- 敲鏗 / 敲铿
- 敲鏝兒 / 敲镘儿
- 敲鐘 / 敲钟 (qiāozhōng)
- 敲鑼打鼓 / 敲锣打鼓
- 敲鑼擊鼓 / 敲锣击鼓
- 敲鑼放炮 / 敲锣放炮
- 敲鑼邊兒 / 敲锣边儿
- 敲門 / 敲门 (qiāomén)
- 敲門石 / 敲门石
- 敲門磚 / 敲门砖 (qiāoménzhuān)
- 敲開 / 敲开 (qiāokāi)
- 敲電話 / 敲电话
- 敲頭 / 敲头
- 敲骨剝髓 / 敲骨剥髓
- 敲骨吸髓 (qiāogǔ xīsuǐ)
- 敲骨榨髓
- 敲髓灑膏 / 敲髓洒膏
- 敲點 / 敲点
- 旁敲
- 旁敲側擊 / 旁敲侧击 (pángqiāocèjī)
- 更鼓敲盡 / 更鼓敲尽
- 東敲西逼 / 东敲西逼
- 盎盂相敲
- 緊打慢敲 / 紧打慢敲
- 胡敲
- 謊敲才 / 谎敲才
- 輕敲 / 轻敲 (qīngqiāo)
- 輕敲緩擊 / 轻敲缓击
- 零打碎敲
- 零敲碎打
Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
敲 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 休 𡁞 齁 吼 | |
From 休 (MC xjuw, “to rest; to stop”) (Kwok and Kataoka, 2006). Compare Guangzhou 嘵/哓 (hiu1), which has become obsolete.
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hau1 / haau1
- Yale: hāu / hāau
- Cantonese Pinyin: hau1 / haau1
- Guangdong Romanization: heo1 / hao1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐu̯⁵⁵/, /haːu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: Macau.
Definitions
敲
- (Macau and Dongguan Cantonese) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
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Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01736
- “敲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
敲
Readings
- Go-on: きょう (kyō)←けう (keu, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: たたく (tataku, 敲く)
- Nanori: たかし (takashi)、のぼる (noboru)
Korean
Hanja
敲 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go))
敲 (eumhun 두드릴 교 (dudeuril gyo))
敲 (eumhun 두드릴 학 (dudeuril hak))
Vietnamese
Han character
敲: Hán Nôm readings: xao, xào, sao
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