狸

See also: 貍
狸 U+72F8, 狸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72F8
← 狷
[U+72F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狹 →
[U+72F9]

Translingual

Han character

狸 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田土 (KHWG), four-corner 46214, composition ⿰犭里)

Derived characters

  • 𭉭, 䔆, 𮦦, 𩮞, 𢟆

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 711, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20427
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1123, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1348, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+72F8

Chinese

trad. 狸/貍*
simp. 狸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
埋 *mrɯː
霾 *mrɯː
薶 *mrɯː
榸 *ʔr'ɯː
厘 *rɯ
狸 *rɯ
貍 *p·rɯ
梩 *rɯ
艃 *rɯ
里 *rɯʔ
理 *rɯʔ
鯉 *rɯʔ
俚 *rɯʔ
悝 *rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː
娌 *rɯʔ
裏 *rɯʔ
荲 *r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯ): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí).

Etymology

Uncertain. Here some proposals:

  • Fangyan [2] and Guo Pu consider it to be one among many dialectal words for 貔 (OC *bi), which however is a different word (Schuessler, 2007) (see there).
  • Zhao & Huang (1998) (apud Schuessler, 2007) connects it to Hmong pli ~ ple "cat".
  • Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs 貍 (OC *rə) from *pʰrə ~ *pʰə-rə and proposes possible Sino-Tibetan etymology and compares it to Mru pri (“a kind of leopard”) (see also Löffler, 1966); he also sees potential cognacy with Tibetan ཞི་མི (zhi mi), ཞིམ་བུ (zhim bu), ཞུམ་བུ (zhum bu) - all meaning "cat" - if those were from *ryi-mi; additionally, པི་ཤི (pi shi, “cat”) (< *zhi?) is possibly equivalent to Old Chinese dialectal forms with initial *pʰ- (e.g. 𧳏 (pī) < LHC *pʰiə < OC *pʰrə or 𧳏貍／𧳏狸 (pīlí)); in that case, the original Chinese word might have been a compound: 貔狸 "(large) cat and small cat"; even so, see 貔 (OC *bi) for possible Indic influence on Tibetan byi ~ pi (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lǐ - literary;
  • sâ̤ - vernacular.
Note:
  • li5 - literary;
  • lai5 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 狸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 里之切
Baxter li
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨ/
Li
Rong 		/liə/
Wang
Li 		/lĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狸 狸
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lí lí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ li › ‹ li ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ə/ /*p.rə/
English 𧳏狸 *pə.[r]ə kind of wild cat (Jiāngnán pron. ap. Guō Pú, ca. 300 CE) kind of wild cat (pron. west of the Hángǔ pass, ap. Fāngyán)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狸
Reading # 1/1
No. 7822
Phonetic
component 		里
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		釐
Old
Chinese 		/*rɯ/
Notes 俗貍字

Definitions

狸

  1. leopard cat
  2. raccoon dog
  3. (obsolete) cat

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

狸

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. raccoon dog
  2. wild cat

Readings

  • Go-on: り (ri)
  • Kan-on: り (ri)
  • Kun: たぬき (tanuki, 狸)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
狸
たぬき
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
貍

According to one theory, derived from 手貫 (tanuki, “arm glove, gauntlet”), which raccoon dog hide was sometimes used for.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

狸(たぬき) or 狸(タヌキ) • (tanuki) 

  1. a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides
    Synonyms: マミ (mami), 狢 (mujina)
  2. (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox)
  3. short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
  4. (rare) short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep
    狸(たぬき)を決(き)め込(こ)む ― tanuki o kimekomu ― pretend to be a raccoon dog → feign sleep
  5. (rare, obsolete) short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc.
Usage notes
Derived terms
Idioms
  • 狸(たぬき)の睾(きん)丸(たま)八(はち)畳(じょう)敷(じき) (tanuki no kintama hachijōjiki)
  • 同(おな)じ穴(あな)の狸(たぬき) (onaji ana no tanuki)
  • 取(と)らぬ狸(たぬき)の皮(かわ)算(ざん)用(よう) (toranu tanuki no kawazan'yō)
Proverbs
  • 狸(たぬき)の燭(しょく)台(だい) (tanuki no shokudai)
  • 狸(たぬき)の腹(はら)鼓(つづみ) (tanuki no haratsuzumi)
  • 狐(きつね)と狸(たぬき)の化(ば)かし合(あ)い (kitsune to tanuki no bakashi ai)
  • 豺(さい)狼(ろう)路(みち)に当(あ)たれり，安(いずく)んぞ狐狸(こり)を問(と)わん (sairō michi ni atareri, izukunzo kori o towan)
  • 鹿(しか)待(ま)つ所(ところ)の狸(たぬき) (shika matsu tokoro no tanuki)
Descendants
  • → English: tanuki, tanooki
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
狸
たたけ
Hyōgai
irregular
Alternative spelling
狸毛

⟨tatake2⟩ → */tatakəɨ/ → /tatake/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ta̠ta̠ke̞]

Noun

狸(たたけ) or 狸(たたげ) • (tatake or tatage) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      猫狸 [...] ニ又漢云野貍、倭言上尼古、下多〻既
      Cat and raccoon dog, [...] both of them are called 野貍 (yari) in Chinese; the former is called 尼古 (⟨neko1⟩ → neko) while the latter is called 多〻既 (⟨tatake2⟩ → tatake) in Japanese.
  2. (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes
    • 1445, Ainōshō, published 1446:
      タゝゲノ筆(フデ)ナンド云(イフ)。タゝ毛(ゲ)トハ。タヌキノ毛歟(ケカ)。狸(タヌキ)ノ字(ジ)ヲ。タゝゲトヨム
      Tatage no fude nando iu. Tatage to wa, tanuki no ke ka. Tanuki no ji o, tatage to yomu
      This is a so-called brush [made] of tatage. Tatage [spelled by the character 毛 meaning "hair"] might mean the hair of a raccoon dog. The 狸 character for "raccoon dog" is read as tatage.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
狸
たのき
Hyōgai
irregular

Cognate with tanuki above.

Considered to be a result of irregular apophony in the medieval times.[4]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ta̠no̞kʲi]

Noun

狸(たのき) • (tanoki) 

  1. (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog
    • c. 1529, Mōgyūshō
      ししやたのきの様(やう)な人(ひと)でをり候(さうらう)ぞ
      Shishi ya tanoki no yō na hito de ori sōrō zo
      His personality is like a deer or raccoon dog, sir.
  2. (dated, dialectal, Kansai) short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
See also

References

  1. ^ “タヌキ／狸／たぬき”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2025.
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ “狸”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Korean

Hanja

狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

  1. (너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog

Synonyms

Okinawan

Kanji

狸

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as たぬき.[1]

Noun

狸(たぬき) (tanuki) 

  1. raccoon dog

References

  1. ^ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), →DOI, page 63

Vietnamese

Han character

狸: Hán Nôm readings: li

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.