皚

See also: 皑

皚	U+769A, 皚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-769A

← 皙
[U+7699]

CJK Unified Ideographs

皛 →
[U+769B]

Translingual

Han character

皚 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹日山一廿 (HAUMT), four-corner 2261₈, composition ⿰白豈)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 788, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22765
Dae Jaweon: page 1203, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2650, character 19
Unihan data for U+769A

Chinese

trad.		皚
simp.		皑
alternative forms		凒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 皚
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (豈) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
獃	tŋɯː, ŋɯː
剴	kŋɯːl, ŋɯːl
凱	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
愷	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
塏	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
鎧	ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, ŋ̊ʰɯːls
颽	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
暟	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
闓	ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, ŋ̊ʰɯːls
豈	ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ
隑	ɡɯːls, ŋɯːl
皚	*ŋɯːl
嵦	*ŋɡɯːl
敳	*ŋɯːl
磑	ŋɯːl, ŋuːl, *ŋuːls
螘	ŋralʔ, ŋɯlʔ
覬	*krɯls
溰	*ŋɯl
顗	*ŋɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɯːl): semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ái (ai²)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁴ / ngoi² / oi² / ji⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gâi / khái

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ái
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ái
  - Wade–Giles: ai²
  - Yale: ái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: air
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngoi⁴ / ngoi² / oi² / ji⁴
  - Yale: ngòih / ngói / ói / yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁴ / ngoi² / oi² / ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁴ / ngoi² / oi² / yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²¹/, /ŋɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³⁵/, /jiː²¹/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâi / khái
  - Tâi-lô: gâi / khái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gaai, qae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡai²⁴/, /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡai²⁴/, /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡai¹³/, /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡai²⁴/, /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡai²³/, /kʰai⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: ngoj

Rime
Character	皚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五來切
Baxter	ngoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəi/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəj/
Li Rong	/ŋᴀi/
Wang Li	/ŋɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngoi⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皚
Reading #	1/1
No.	10113
Phonetic component	豈
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯːl/

Definitions

皚

pure white; snow white

Compounds

白皚皚 / 白皑皑 (bái'ái'ái)
皚然 / 皑然
皚皚 / 皑皑 (ái'ái)

References

“皚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

皚

(Hyōgai kanji)

white

Readings

Go-on: がい (gai)
Kan-on: がい (gai)
Kun: しろい (shiroi, 皚い)、さむい (samui, 皚い)

Korean

Hanja

皚 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ya)

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Vietnamese

Han character

皚: Hán Nôm readings: ngai

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