-sco
Latin
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *-skō
Latin -sco
Inherited from Proto-Italic *-skō, from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti.
Suffix
-scō (present infinitive -scere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation
- Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, meaning "to start to (verb), to begin to (verb)".
Conjugation
This suffix only forms the first principal part; the perfect and supine stems used vary according to the verb (e.g. adolēscō, adoluī, adultum).
Conjugation of -scō (third conjugation)
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | -scō | -scis | -scit | -scimus | -scitis | -scunt | ||||||
| imperfect | -scēbam | -scēbās | -scēbat | -scēbāmus | -scēbātis | -scēbant | |||||||
| future | -scam | -scēs | -scet | -scēmus | -scētis | -scent | |||||||
| perfect | -ī | -istī | -it | -imus | -istis | -ērunt, -ēre | |||||||
| pluperfect | -eram | -erās | -erat | -erāmus | -erātis | -erant | |||||||
| future perfect | -erō | -eris | -erit | -erimus | -eritis | -erint | |||||||
| passive | present | -scor | -sceris, -scere |
-scitur | -scimur | -sciminī | -scuntur | ||||||
| imperfect | -scēbar | -scēbāris, -scēbāre |
-scēbātur | -scēbāmur | -scēbāminī | -scēbantur | |||||||
| future | -scar | -scēris, -scēre |
-scētur | -scēmur | -scēminī | -scentur | |||||||
| perfect | -us + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | -us + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| future perfect | -us + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | -scam | -scās | -scat | -scāmus | -scātis | -scant | ||||||
| imperfect | -scerem | -scerēs | -sceret | -scerēmus | -scerētis | -scerent | |||||||
| perfect | -erim | -erīs | -erit | -erīmus | -erītis | -erint | |||||||
| pluperfect | -issem | -issēs | -isset | -issēmus | -issētis | -issent | |||||||
| passive | present | -scar | -scāris, -scāre |
-scātur | -scāmur | -scāminī | -scantur | ||||||
| imperfect | -scerer | -scerēris, -scerēre |
-scerētur | -scerēmur | -scerēminī | -scerentur | |||||||
| perfect | -us + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | -us + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | -sce | — | — | -scite | — | ||||||
| future | — | -scitō | -scitō | — | -scitōte | -scuntō | |||||||
| passive | present | — | -scere | — | — | -sciminī | — | ||||||
| future | — | -scitor | -scitor | — | — | -scuntor | |||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | -scere | -scī | -scēns | — | |||||||||
| future | -ūrum esse | -um īrī | -ūrus | -scendus, -scundus | |||||||||
| perfect | -isse | -um esse | — | -us | |||||||||
| future perfect | — | -um fore | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | -ūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| -scendī | -scendō | -scendum | -scendō | -um | -ū | ||||||||
Derived terms
Latin terms suffixed with -sco
Spanish
Alternative forms
- -asco, -esco, -isco, -izco, -usco, -uzco
- -sca, -asca, -esca, -isca, -izca, -usca, -uzca (for the noun)
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus.
Suffix
-sco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -sca, masculine plural -scos, feminine plural -scas)
- forms adjectives that signify relation to the word stem; sometimes pejorative
- príncipe (“prince”) + -sco → principesco (“related to princes”)
Suffix
-sco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -scos)
Derived terms
Spanish terms suffixed with -sco
Further reading
- “-sco”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024