Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zaraza

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *za- +‎ *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) + *-a.[1]

Noun

*zaraza f

  1. thrust
    → (by extension) obstacle, hindrance
  2. (by abstraction) infection, contagion
    Synonym: *kuga

Declension

Declension of *zaraza (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *zaraza *zarazě *zarazy
genitive *zarazy *zarazu *zarazъ
dative *zarazě *zarazama *zarazamъ
accusative *zarazǫ *zarazě *zarazy
instrumental *zarazojǫ, *zarazǫ** *zarazama *zarazami
locative *zarazě *zarazu *zarazasъ, *zarazaxъ*
vocative *zarazo *zarazě *zarazy

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

  • *rězъ (“cut”)
  • *rězati (“to cut”)
  • *razъ (“tact, dash”)
  • *porazina (“contagion”) (regional)

Derived terms

  • *zaraziti (“to infect”)
  • *zarazenъ (“infected”)

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зараза”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Further reading

  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “зараза”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 607
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