Translingual
Han character
儕 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 人卜難 (OYX), four-corner 20223, composition ⿰亻齊)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 119, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1227
- Dae Jaweon: page 253, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 231, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5115
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 儕
|
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
- Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
- Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
- Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
- Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (
齊)
(Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 儕
|
*zriːl
|
| 麡
|
*zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
|
| 齋
|
*ʔsriːl
|
| 穧
|
*ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
|
| 擠
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
|
| 躋
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
|
| 齏
|
*ʔsliːl
|
| 齎
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
|
| 櫅
|
*ʔsliːl
|
| 齌
|
*ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
|
| 隮
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
|
| 賷
|
*ʔsliːl
|
| 虀
|
*ʔsliːl
|
| 濟
|
*ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
|
| 癠
|
*ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
|
| 霽
|
*ʔsliːls
|
| 齊
|
*zliːl, *zliːls
|
| 臍
|
*zliːl
|
| 蠐
|
*zliːl, *zlil
|
| 懠
|
*zliːl, *zliːls
|
| 薺
|
*zliːlʔ, *zlil
|
| 鱭
|
*zliːlʔ
|
| 嚌
|
*zliːls
|
| 劑
|
*zliːls, *ʔslel
|
| 齍
|
*ʔslil
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zriːl): semantic 人 + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
Etymology 1
From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
Pronunciation
Note: zai3 - due to confusion with
濟.
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
儕
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
chái
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ dzrɛj ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*[dz]ˁ<r>əj/
|
| English
|
category, equals
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
儕
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
10029
|
Phonetic component
|
齊
|
Rime group
|
脂
|
Rime subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
豺
|
Old Chinese
|
/*zriːl/
|
Definitions
儕
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fellows; associates; company; companion
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make (two people) become a pair; to make people marry
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) together; with each other
Compounds
- 儕倫 / 侪伦
- 儕居 / 侪居
- 儕輩 / 侪辈 (cháibèi)
- 同儕 / 同侪 (tóngchái)
- 吾儕 / 吾侪 (wúchái)
- 奴儕 / 奴侪
- 朋儕 / 朋侪
- 詩酒朋儕 / 诗酒朋侪
Etymology 2
Possibly related to Proto-Tai *ʑaːjᴬ (“man; male”) (Luo and Deng, 1995; Li, 1997).
Pronunciation
Definitions
儕
- (Hakka, Central Min, usually in compounds) person
- (Hakka) Classifier for people.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
個 (“(classifier for people)”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
個
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
個
|
| Taiwan
|
個
|
| Malaysia
|
個
|
| Singapore
|
個
|
| Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
|
個
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
個
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
個
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
個
|
| Xi'an
|
個
|
| Xining
|
個
|
| Xuzhou
|
個
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
個
|
| Ürümqi
|
個
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
個
|
| Wuhan
|
個
|
| Guiyang
|
個
|
| Guilin
|
個
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
個
|
| Yangzhou
|
個
|
| Hefei
|
個
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
個
|
| Hong Kong
|
個
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)
|
個
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
|
個
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
個
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
隻
|
| Macau
|
個
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
個
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
個
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
個
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
個
|
| Foshan
|
個
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
個
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
個
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
個
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
個
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
個
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
個
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
個
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
個
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
個
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
個
|
| Taishan
|
個
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
個
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
個
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
個
|
| Dongguan
|
個
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
個
|
| Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
隻
|
| Yangjiang
|
個
|
| Nanning
|
個, 隻
|
| Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua)
|
個
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
個
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
個
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
個, 隻
|
| Lichuan
|
個
|
| Pingxiang
|
個
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
隻
|
| Xingning
|
隻
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Huiyang
|
隻
|
| Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
隻
|
| Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
隻
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
隻
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
隻
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
隻
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
隻
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
隻
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
隻
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
| Wengyuan
|
隻, 個
|
| Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)
|
隻, 個
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)
|
個
|
| Liannan
|
個
|
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
隻
|
| Jiexi
|
個, 儕
|
| Luhe
|
隻
|
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
|
個
|
| Changting
|
個
|
| Wuping (Yanqian)
|
個
|
| Ninghua
|
個
|
| Yudu
|
個
|
| Ningdu
|
隻
|
| Tonggu (Sandu)
|
個
|
| Ganzhou (Panlong)
|
個
|
| Dayu
|
個
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
儕
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
儕
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
儕
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
儕
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
儕
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
儕
|
| Hong Kong
|
隻
|
| Yangxi (Tangkou)
|
隻
|
| Yangchun (Sanjia)
|
隻
|
| Xinyi (Sihe)
|
隻
|
| Xinyi (Qianpai)
|
隻
|
| Gaozhou (Xindong)
|
隻
|
| Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)
|
隻
|
| Huazhou (Xin'an)
|
隻
|
| Lianjiang (Shijiao)
|
隻
|
| Lianjiang (Qingping)
|
隻
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
隻
|
| Luchuan
|
隻
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
隻
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
隻
|
| Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
|
個
|
| Singkawang
|
隻
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
個
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
個
|
| Xinzhou
|
個
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
隻
|
| Songxi
|
隻
|
| Zhenghe
|
隻
|
| Jianyang
|
隻
|
| Wuyishan
|
隻
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
隻, 個
|
| Fuzhou (Changle)
|
隻
|
| Lianjiang
|
隻
|
| Fuqing
|
隻
|
| Pingtan
|
隻
|
| Yongtai
|
隻
|
| Minqing
|
隻, 基
|
| Gutian
|
隻
|
| Fu'an
|
隻
|
| Ningde
|
隻
|
| Xiapu
|
隻
|
| Zherong
|
隻
|
| Shouning
|
個
|
| Zhouning
|
隻
|
| Fuding
|
個
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
個
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
個
|
| Quanzhou
|
個
|
| Jinjiang
|
個
|
| Nan'an
|
個
|
| Shishi
|
個
|
| Hui'an
|
個
|
| Anxi
|
個
|
| Yongchun
|
個
|
| Dehua
|
個
|
| Zhangzhou
|
個, 股
|
| Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
個
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
個
|
| Hua'an
|
股
|
| Nanjing
|
股
|
| Pinghe
|
個
|
| Zhangpu
|
個
|
| Yunxiao
|
個
|
| Zhao'an
|
股
|
| Dongshan
|
個
|
| Taipei
|
個
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
個
|
| Kaohsiung
|
個
|
| Yilan
|
個
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
個
|
| Taichung
|
個
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
個
|
| Tainan
|
個
|
| Taitung
|
個
|
| Hsinchu
|
個
|
| Kinmen
|
個
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
個
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
個
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
個
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
個
|
| Longyan
|
個
|
| Zhangping
|
個
|
| Datian
|
個
|
| Chaozhou
|
個
|
| Shantou
|
個, 腳
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
個
|
| Jieyang
|
個, 腳, 主
|
| Haifeng
|
個
|
| Bangkok (Teochew)
|
個
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
個
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
個
|
| Leizhou
|
個
|
| Wenchang
|
個, 枚
|
| Haikou
|
個, 枚
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
個
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
個
|
| Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)
|
個
|
| Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
|
個
|
| Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)
|
個
|
| Xianyou
|
個
|
| Xianyou (Fengting)
|
個
|
| Xianyou (Youyang)
|
個
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
隻
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
個
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
個
|
| Shehua
|
Fu'an
|
個
|
| Fuding
|
個
|
| Luoyuan
|
個
|
| Sanming
|
個
|
| Shunchang
|
個
|
| Hua'an
|
個
|
| Guixi (Zhangping)
|
個
|
| Cangnan
|
個
|
| Jingning (Hexi)
|
個
|
| Lishui
|
個
|
| Longyou
|
個
|
| Chaozhou
|
個
|
| Fengshun
|
個
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
個
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
個
|
| Suzhou
|
個
|
| Danyang
|
個
|
| Ningbo
|
個
|
| Xiangshan
|
個
|
| Wenzhou
|
個
|
| Jinhua
|
個
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
個, 隻
|
| Loudi
|
個
|
| Shuangfeng
|
個
|
Compounds
- 儕儕 / 侪侪
- 兩儕 / 两侪
- 別儕 / 别侪
- 各儕 / 各侪
- 哪儕 / 哪侪
- 單儕 / 单侪
- 坐儕毋知企儕苦 / 坐侪毋知企侪苦
- 大人儕 / 大人侪
- 幾儕 / 几侪
- 打魚儕食魚屎 / 打鱼侪食鱼屎
- 每儕 / 每侪
- 老儕 / 老侪
- 老儕事 / 老侪事
- 逐儕 / 逐侪
- 釘礱無㓾雞,三儕人罅挨 / 钉砻无㓾鸡,三侪人罅挨
- 阿哥儕 / 阿哥侪
- 飯後一杯茶,餓死醫藥儕 / 饭后一杯茶,饿死医药侪
- 麼儕 / 么侪
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 儕 – see 濟 (“(Min) many”). (This character is a variant form of 濟). |
Etymology 4
Likely a development from 全. The use of the glyph 儕/侪 (chái) was first attested in writing in the Ming Dynasty, in The Mountain Songs (山歌) by Feng Menglong as a sound-borrowing.
Alternatively, Shen (2017) posits that this sense might be a grammaticalisation of Etymology 1.
Pronunciation
Adverb
儕
- (Northern Wu) all; completely; each and every one out of a determinate quantity; always; under all circumstances
勿怪浦東咾外灘,儕老嗲個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
勿怪浦东咾外滩,侪老嗲个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]- 8veq-kua 5phu-ton-lau 6nga-the 6ze 6lau 5tia-gheq [Wugniu]
- Be it Pudong or the Bund, they are both very pretty.
人家儕來哉。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
人家侪来哉。 [Suzhounese, simp.]- 6gnin2-ka1 2ze-le2-tse0 [Wugniu]
- Everyone's here.
2007, Xu Liejiong, “上海話「儕」與普通話「都」的異同 [Similarities between Ze (儕) in Shanghai Dialect and Dou (都) in Mandarin]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
大多數貓儕有綠眼睛。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
大多数猫侪有绿眼睛。 [Shanghainese, simp.]- 6da-tu-su 1mau 6ze 6yeu 8loq-nge-cin [Wugniu]
- Most cats have in common their green eyes.
1908, 土話指南, translation of 官話指南:
城裡向各店家。我儕問到個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
城里向各店家。我侪问到个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]- Each and every shop in the city; I have asked all of them.
1949, 倪海曙 [Ni Haishu], “天浪太陽月亮 [The Sun and The Moon In the Sky]”, in 蘇州話詩經 [The Suzhounese Book of Songs], translation of 詩經 [Shījīng]:
天浪太陽月亮,年年才是一樣。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
天浪太阳月亮,年年才是一样。 [Suzhounese, simp.]- 1thie-laon6 1tha5-yan2 8ngeq-3lian6 2gnie-gnie2 2ze 6zy 7iq-3yan6 [Wugniu]
- The sun and the moon in the sky, always are the same year after year.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
都 (“all; both”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
皆, 均, 俱
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
都, 全, 皆, 均, 俱
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
都, 全
|
| Taiwan
|
都
|
| Malaysia
|
都
|
| Singapore
|
都
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
都, 全
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Xi'an
|
都
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
都, 下
|
| Wuhan
|
都, 下
|
| Guilin
|
都
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Yangzhou
|
都, 全
|
| Hefei
|
都
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
都
|
| Hong Kong
|
都
|
| Yangjiang
|
都
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
都
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
都
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
都
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
都
|
| Wuhua (Meilin)
|
都
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
都
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
都
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
都
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
都
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
都
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
攏
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
都, 全
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
都
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
都
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
攏, 計, 計計
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
攏
|
| Quanzhou
|
攏, 計, 計計
|
| Zhangzhou
|
攏, 計, 計計
|
| Zhao'an
|
攏
|
| Dongshan
|
攏
|
| Tainan
|
攏
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
到了
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
攏, 攏總, 計
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
攏, 攏總
|
| Medan (Hokkien)
|
到了
|
| Chaozhou
|
攏
|
| Shantou
|
攏
|
| Jieyang
|
攏
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
攏
|
| Wenchang
|
都
|
| Qionghai
|
攏
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
攏
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
都
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
儕, 禿 obsolete
|
| Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
儕
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
儕, 孩
|
| Suzhou
|
儕
|
| Wuxi
|
儕
|
| Nantong (Haimen)
|
儕, 孩, 純, 恆, 禿
|
| Tongxiang
|
儕
|
| Ningbo
|
和
|
| Wenzhou
|
沃
|
| Lishui
|
都
|
| Qingyuan
|
都
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
下, 都
|
| Shuangfeng
|
下
|
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
儕
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㑪)
- fellow
- together
Readings
Korean
Hanja
儕 (eum 제 (je))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
儕: Hán Nôm readings: sài
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.