墟

墟	U+589F, 墟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-589F

← 增
[U+589E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

墠 →
[U+58A0]

Translingual

Han character

墟 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土卜心金 (GYPC) or 土卜心一 (GYPM), four-corner 4111₇, composition ⿰土虛)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5457
Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 479, character 12
Unihan data for U+589F

Chinese

trad.		墟
simp. ^#		墟
alternative forms		圩 market

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (虍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
唬	qʰraːs, kʷraːɡ
戲	qʰral, qʰrals, *qʰaː
巇	*qʰra
隵	*qʰra
嚱	*qʰras
盧	*b·raː
鑪	*raː
壚	*raː
籚	*raː
蘆	raː, ra
顱	*b·raː
髗	*b·raː
鱸	*raː
攎	*raː
櫨	*raː
轤	*raː
黸	*raː
獹	*raː
鸕	*raː
艫	*raː
纑	*raː
瀘	*raː
瓐	*raː
爐	*raː
嚧	*raː
矑	*b·raː
罏	*raː
蠦	*raː
虜	*raːʔ
擄	*raːʔ
艣	*raːʔ
鐪	*raːʔ
虖	qʰaː, qʰʷa, qʰaː, qʰʷa
虍	*qʰaː
雐	*qʰʷlaː
虎	*qʰlaːʔ
琥	*qʰlaːʔ
萀	*qʰlaːʔ
臚	*b·ra
廬	*ra
驢	*b·ra
藘	*ra
爈	ra, ras
櫖	ra, ras
儢	*raʔ
慮	*ras
勴	*ras
鑢	*ras
濾	*ras
攄	*r̥ʰa
處	kʰljaʔ, kʰljas
豦	kas, ɡa
據	*kas
鐻	kas, ɡa, *ɡaʔ
澽	kas, ɡas
虛	kʰa, qʰa
墟	*kʰa
懅	*ɡa
蘧	ɡa, ɡʷa
籧	*ɡa
醵	ɡa, ɡas, *ɡaɡ
璩	*ɡa
虡	*ɡaʔ
遽	*ɡas
勮	*ɡas
噓	qʰa, qʰas
驉	*qʰa
歔	*qʰa
魖	*qʰa
膚	*pla
虧	*kʰʷral
噱	*ɡaɡ
臄	*ɡaɡ
劇	*ɡaɡ
諕	*qʰʷraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰa): semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa).

Etymology

"ruin": Possibly a nominal derivation, with *k- prefix, from 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) (Karlgren, 1958, Schuessler, 2007), maybe related to Mizo ko (“raised ground; bank; mound”). Perhaps not related to 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) "mound, hill" (contra Wang, 1982).

"market": A Yuè (越) dialectal word, which also occurs in some Tai languages such as Yoy [script needed] (hɯ^A1, “market”) (Schuessler, 2007). It also occurs in some Min dialects; Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *hɯ¹.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): heoi¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hui¹ / hui^1-4
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hî

(Meixian, Guangdong): hi¹
Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̆
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hy¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hi / hir / hu

(Teochew, Peng'im): he¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syu
  - Wade–Giles: hsü¹
  - Yale: syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: heoi¹
  - Yale: hēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hui¹ / hui^1-4
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui³³/, /hui³³⁻²¹/

Note:

hui1 - ruin;
hui1-4 - market.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hî
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hy⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hy¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hy⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hy¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hy⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi
  - Tâi-lô: hi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hir
  - Tâi-lô: hir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu
  - Tâi-lô: hu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: he¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɯ³³/

Middle Chinese: khjo

Rime
Character	墟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去魚切
Baxter	khjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨə̆/
Li Rong	/kʰiɔ/
Wang Li	/kʰĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	heoi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰ(r)a/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjo ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰ(r)a/
English	hill, mound; abandoned city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墟
Reading #	1/1
No.	5255
Phonetic component	虍
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	虚
Old Chinese	/*kʰa/
Notes	同虛

Definitions

墟

ruin
殷墟 ― Yīnxū ― Yinxu (ruins of the last capital of the Shang dynasty)
(literary) village
fair; market
趁墟 [Cantonese] ― can³ heoi¹ [Jyutping] ― to go to a market

Compounds

丘墟 (qiūxū)
墟墓
墟市 (xūshì)
墟落
墟里 (xūlǐ)
宗廟丘墟 / 宗庙丘墟
廢墟 / 废墟 (fèixū)
村墟
歸墟 / 归墟
殷墟 (Yīnxū)
殷墟卜辭
殷墟書契
破墟
社稷為墟 / 社稷为墟
華屋丘墟 / 华屋丘墟
趁墟 (chènxū)
趕墟 / 赶墟

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “墟”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.

Japanese

Kanji

墟

(Hyōgai kanji)

ruins

Readings

Go-on: こ (ko)
Kan-on: きょ (kyo)
Kun: あと (ato, 墟)

Compounds

廃墟(はいきょ) (haikyo): ruins, abandoned building

Usage notes

Rarely replaced by 虚 in modern usage.

Korean

Hanja

墟 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
墟

Hán Nôm

墟: Hán Việt readings: khư
墟: Nôm readings: hư

chữ Hán form of khư (“mound of earth”)
chữ Nôm form of hư (“damaged; misbehaving”)

References

Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation [Hội Bảo Tồn Di Sản Chữ Nôm] (since 1999) “墟”, in Nomfoundation.org‎^[1] (in English)