壯
See also: 壮
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Japanese | 壮 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 壮 |
| Traditional | 壯 |
Han character
壯 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女一土 (VMG), four-corner 24210, composition ⿰爿士)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 243, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5643
- Dae Jaweon: page 483, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 428, character 7
- Unihan data for U+58EF
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsraŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 士.
Etymology 1
| trad. | 壯 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 壮* | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zong3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): chuáng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zung4 / zng4 / zorng4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tsaon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
- Wade–Giles: chuang4
- Yale: jwàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
- Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎng
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎng
- Wade–Giles: chuang3
- Yale: jwǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joang
- Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note:
- zhuǎng - dialectal variant for “robust; strong”, substituting for 奘. Popular in northern Mandarin, including the Beijing area.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zong3
- Yale: jong
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzong3
- Guangdong Romanization: zong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chong
- Hakka Romanization System: zong
- Hagfa Pinyim: zong4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zongˇ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zung4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cn̍g
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sŋ̍⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: co̤̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒŋ⁴²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- zng4/zung4 - vernacular;
- zorng4 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàng
- Tâi-lô: tsàng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaxng
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡saŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡saŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòng
- Tâi-lô: tsòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoxng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- chàng - vernacular;
- chòng - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsrjangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]<r>aŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraŋs/
Definitions
壯
- strong; robust
- to strengthen
- (colloquial or dialectal, chiefly Hakka or Wu, of a person or an animal) fat
- (traditional Chinese medicine) one burn of moxa in moxibustion
Synonyms
- (to strengthen):
- (fat):
Dialectal synonyms of 胖 (“fat (a.)”) [map]
Compounds
- 丁壯 / 丁壮 (dīngzhuàng)
- 人強馬壯 / 人强马壮 (rénqiángmǎzhuàng)
- 健壯 / 健壮 (jiànzhuàng)
- 八百壯士 / 八百壮士
- 兵強馬壯 / 兵强马壮 (bīngqiángmǎzhuàng)
- 兵精馬壯 / 兵精马壮
- 凌雲壯志 / 凌云壮志
- 壯丁 / 壮丁 (zhuàngdīng)
- 壯偉 / 壮伟 (zhuàngwěi)
- 壯健 / 壮健 (zhuàngjiàn)
- 壯劇 / 壮剧
- 壯圍 / 壮围 (Zhuàngwéi)
- 壯圖 / 壮图
- 壯士 / 壮士 (zhuàngshì)
- 壯士斷腕 / 壮士断腕 (zhuàngshìduànwàn)
- 壯士解腕 / 壮士解腕
- 壯大 / 壮大 (zhuàngdà)
- 壯夫 / 壮夫
- 壯室之秋 / 壮室之秋
- 壯實 / 壮实 (zhuàngshi)
- 壯工 / 壮工
- 壯年 / 壮年 (zhuàngnián)
- 壯心 / 壮心 (zhuàngxīn)
- 壯心不已 / 壮心不已
- 壯志 / 壮志 (zhuàngzhì)
- 壯志凌雲 / 壮志凌云 (zhuàngzhìlíngyún)
- 壯志未酬 / 壮志未酬 (zhuàngzhìwèichóu)
- 壯族 / 壮族 (Zhuàngzú)
- 壯月 / 壮月
- 壯氣 / 壮气 (zhuàngqì)
- 壯氣吞牛 / 壮气吞牛
- 壯浪 / 壮浪
- 壯烈 / 壮烈 (zhuàngliè)
- 壯烈成仁 / 壮烈成仁
- 壯猷 / 壮猷
- 壯盛 / 壮盛 (zhuàngshèng)
- 壯碩 / 壮硕
- 壯竄 / 壮窜
- 壯美 / 壮美 (zhuàngměi)
- 壯膽 / 壮胆 (zhuàngdǎn)
- 壯舉 / 壮举 (zhuàngjǔ)
- 壯行 / 壮行
- 壯觀 / 壮观 (zhuàngguān)
- 壯語 / 壮语 (zhuàngyǔ)
- 壯遊 / 壮游
- 壯門面 / 壮门面
- 壯闊 / 壮阔 (zhuàngkuò)
- 壯陽 / 壮阳 (zhuàngyáng)
- 壯麗 / 壮丽 (zhuànglì)
- 壯麵 / 壮面
- 壯齒 / 壮齿
- 宏偉壯觀 / 宏伟壮观
- 宏壯 / 宏壮 (hóngzhuàng)
- 少壯 / 少壮 (shàozhuàng)
- 師直為壯 / 师直为壮
- 年輕力壯 / 年轻力壮 (niánqīnglìzhuàng)
- 幼學壯行 / 幼学壮行
- 強壯 / 强壮 (qiángzhuàng)
- 強壯劑 / 强壮剂
- 心麤膽壯 / 心粗胆壮
- 悲壯 / 悲壮 (bēizhuàng)
- 打旺壯 / 打旺壮
- 日益壯大 / 日益壮大
- 根壯葉茂 / 根壮叶茂
- 民壯 / 民壮
- 氣壯山河 / 气壮山河
- 氣壯河山 / 气壮河山
- 氣壯理直 / 气壮理直
- 波瀾壯闊 / 波澜壮阔 (bōlánzhuàngkuò)
- 波路壯闊 / 波路壮阔
- 理直氣壯 / 理直气壮 (lǐzhíqìzhuàng)
- 盛壯 / 盛壮 (shèngzhuàng)
- 稍長膽壯 / 稍长胆壮
- 粗壯 / 粗壮 (cūzhuàng)
- 精壯 / 精壮 (jīngzhuàng)
- 結壯 / 结壮
- 老當益壯 / 老当益壮 (lǎodāngyìzhuàng)
- 肥壯 / 肥壮 (féizhuàng)
- 膽壯 / 胆壮
- 英勇雄壯 / 英勇雄壮
- 茁壯 / 茁壮 (zhuózhuàng)
- 血氣方壯 / 血气方壮
- 豪壯 / 豪壮 (háozhuàng)
- 豪情壯志 / 豪情壮志
- 豪言壯語 / 豪言壮语 (háoyánzhuàngyǔ)
- 身強力壯 / 身强力壮 (shēnqiánglìzhuàng)
- 遒文壯節 / 遒文壮节
- 閎壯 / 闳壮
- 雄偉壯麗 / 雄伟壮丽
- 雄壯 / 雄壮 (xióngzhuàng)
- 雄心壯志 / 雄心壮志 (xióngxīnzhuàngzhì)
- 青壯 / 青壮
- 頂門壯戶 / 顶门壮户
- 飽壯 / 饱壮
- 馬壯人強 / 马壮人强
- 高壯 / 高壮
Etymology 2
| trad. | 壯 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 壮* | |
| alternative forms | 獞 obsolete 僮 obsolete | |
First written as 獞 (composed of 犭 (quǎn), the “beast” radical, and 童 (tóng), “servant”). Following the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, it was written as 僮 (with 亻 (rén), the “person” radical). Due to the derogatory connotations of the previous characters, it was officially amended to 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “strong; robust”) in 1965.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Zhuàng
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Jhuàng
- Wade–Giles: Chuang4
- Yale: Jwàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Juanq
- Palladius: Чжуан (Čžuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zong3 / zong6
- Yale: jong / johng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzong3 / dzong6
- Guangdong Romanization: zong3 / zong6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/, /t͡sɔːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Wu
Definitions
壯
Compounds
Etymology 3
| trad. | 壯 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 壮* | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuāng
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuang
- Wade–Giles: chuang1
- Yale: jwāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juang
- Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zong1
- Yale: jōng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzong1
- Guangdong Romanization: zong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
壯
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 莊 / 庄 (zhuāng, “serious; solemn”)
- a surname
References
- “壯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| 壮 | |
| 壯 |
Kanji
壯
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壮)
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
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Vietnamese
Han character
壯: Hán Nôm readings: tráng, trắng
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