蠟
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Translingual
| Traditional | 蠟 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai (extended) |
蝋 |
| Simplified | 蜡 |
Han character
蠟 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 中戈女女女 (LIVVV), four-corner 52116, composition ⿰虫巤)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1101, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33786
- Dae Jaweon: page 1565, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2903, character 6
- Unihan data for U+881F
Chinese
| trad. | 蠟 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 蜡* | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (巤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːb): semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab).
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (“bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal”); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, “lac”), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (“lac; pine”), Jingpho krep (“bedbug”), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (“bug; ant”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (“wax”) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lat6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lah4
- Northern Min (KCR): là
- Eastern Min (BUC): lăk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lor7 / lorh7 / lah7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8laq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): la6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: là
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: là
- Wade–Giles: la4
- Yale: là
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lah
- Palladius: ла (la)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lä⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: na2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: la
- Sinological IPA (key): /na²¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laap6
- Yale: laahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: laap9
- Guangdong Romanization: lab6
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːp̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lap5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lap̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: lab
- Hagfa Pinyim: lab6
- Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: lab6
- Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: là
- Sinological IPA (key): /la⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lor7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lo̤̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɒ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lor7
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɒ²⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lo̤̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɒʔ⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lah7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: la̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /laʔ⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- lor7/lorh7 - vernacular;
- lah7 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h / la̍p
- Tâi-lô: la̍h / la̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: lah, lap
- IPA (Xiamen): /laʔ⁴/, /lap̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /laʔ²⁴/, /lap̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʔ¹²¹/, /lap̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /laʔ⁴/, /lap̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /laʔ⁴/, /lap̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- la̍h - vernacular;
- la̍p - literary.
- Middle Chinese: lap
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rˤap/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raːb/
Definitions
蠟
- wax
- 知脂蠟之可明燈也，而不知其甚多則冥之。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Wang Fu, Comments of a Recluse, c. 2nd century CE
- Zhī zhīlà zhī kě míng dēng yě, ér bùzhī qí shènduō zé míng zhī. [Pinyin]
- [People] know that fat and wax can brighten lamps, but know not that too much shall dim them.
知脂蜡之可明灯也，而不知其甚多则冥之。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m)
- light yellow
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 蠟燭 (“candle”) [map]
Compounds
- 五侯蠟燭 / 五侯蜡烛
- 傳蠟 / 传蜡
- 刻蠟 / 刻蜡
- 口蠟 / 口蜡
- 吹燈拔蠟 / 吹灯拔蜡
- 味同嚼蠟 / 味同嚼蜡
- 味如嚼蠟 / 味如嚼蜡
- 嚼蠟 / 嚼蜡
- 坐蠟 / 坐蜡
- 寶蠟 / 宝蜡
- 封蠟 / 封蜡 (fēnglà)
- 尸蠟
- 戒蠟 / 戒蜡
- 插蠟燭 / 插蜡烛
- 摶沙嚼蠟 / 抟沙嚼蜡
- 撥蠟 / 拨蜡
- 枯蠟 / 枯蜡
- 梔蠟 / 栀蜡
- 梔言蠟貌 / 栀言蜡貌
- 梔貌蠟言 / 栀貌蜡言
- 水蠟樹 / 水蜡树
- 江西蠟 / 江西蜡 (jiāngxīlà)
- 油蠟 / 油蜡
- 洋蠟 / 洋蜡 (yánglà)
- 洋蠟燭 / 洋蜡烛
- 淚蠟 / 泪蜡
- 焰蠟 / 焰蜡
- 然蠟 / 然蜡
- 照天蠟燭 / 照天蜡烛
- 燒蠟 / 烧蜡
- 爨蠟 / 爨蜡
- 畫蠟 / 画蜡
- 白蠟 / 白蜡 (báilà)
- 白蠟明經 / 白蜡明经
- 石蠟 / 石蜡 (shílà)
- 紅蠟 / 红蜡
- 絳蠟 / 绛蜡
- 綠蠟 / 绿蜡
- 翠蠟 / 翠蜡
- 興如嚼蠟 / 兴如嚼蜡
- 花蠟 / 花蜡
- 花蠟燭 / 花蜡烛
- 蜂蠟 / 蜂蜡 (fēnglà)
- 蜜蠟 / 蜜蜡 (mìlà)
- 蟲白蠟 / 虫白蜡
- 蠟丸 / 蜡丸
- 蠟丸兒 / 蜡丸儿
- 蠟丸帛書 / 蜡丸帛书
- 蠟丸書 / 蜡丸书
- 蠟丸絹書 / 蜡丸绢书
- 蠟丸體 / 蜡丸体
- 蠟人 / 蜡人
- 蠟人兒 / 蜡人儿
- 蠟像 / 蜡像 (làxiàng)
- 蠟兄 / 蜡兄
- 蠟光 / 蜡光
- 蠟光光 / 蜡光光
- 蠟兒 / 蜡儿
- 蠟剪 / 蜡剪
- 蠟千兒 / 蜡千儿
- 蠟嘴 / 蜡嘴
- 蠟圓 / 蜡圆
- 蠟塌 / 蜡塌
- 蠟子 / 蜡子
- 蠟屐 / 蜡屐
- 蠟帛書 / 蜡帛书
- 蠟弩牙 / 蜡弩牙
- 蠟彈 / 蜡弹
- 蠟撚 / 蜡撚
- 蠟書 / 蜡书
- 蠟本 / 蜡本
- 蠟板 / 蜡板
- 蠟染 / 蜡染 (làrǎn)
- 蠟查 / 蜡查
- 蠟梅 / 蜡梅 (làméi)
- 蠟楂 / 蜡楂
- 蠟槃 / 蜡槃
- 蠟槍頭 / 蜡枪头
- 蠟樹 / 蜡树
- 蠟檄 / 蜡檄
- 蠟沈
- 蠟淚 / 蜡泪
- 蠟液 / 蜡液
- 蠟渣 / 蜡渣
- 蠟滓 / 蜡滓
- 蠟火 / 蜡火
- 蠟炬 / 蜡炬 (làjù)
- 蠟煤 / 蜡煤
- 蠟煙 / 蜡烟
- 蠟燈 / 蜡灯
- 蠟燄 / 蜡焰
- 蠟燭 / 蜡烛 (làzhú)
- 蠟燭珠 / 蜡烛珠
- 蠟燭花 / 蜡烛花
- 蠟版 / 蜡版
- 蠟牋 / 蜡笺
- 蠟珀 / 蜡珀
- 蠟珠 / 蜡珠
- 蠟療 / 蜡疗
- 蠟白 / 蜡白
- 蠟石 / 蜡石
- 蠟種 / 蜡种
- 蠟筆 / 蜡笔 (làbǐ)
- 蠟筆畫 / 蜡笔画 (làbǐhuà)
- 蠟箋 / 蜡笺 (làjiān)
- 蠟簽兒 / 蜡签儿
- 蠟糖人 / 蜡糖人
- 蠟紅 / 蜡红
- 蠟紙 / 蜡纸 (làzhǐ)
- 蠟絹 / 蜡绢
- 蠟絹畫 / 蜡绢画
- 蠟綵 / 蜡彩
- 蠟纈 / 蜡缬
- 蠟美人 / 蜡美人
- 蠟臺 / 蜡台 (làtái)
- 蠟花 / 蜡花
- 蠟花兒 / 蜡花儿
- 蠟茶 / 蜡茶
- 蠟蒂 / 蜡蒂
- 蠟蜂 / 蜡蜂 (làfēng)
- 蠟蜜 / 蜡蜜
- 蠟蟲 / 蜡虫
- 蠟蟻春 / 蜡蚁春
- 蠟表 / 蜡表
- 蠟觜 / 蜡觜
- 蠟詔 / 蜡诏
- 蠟釵子 / 蜡钗子
- 蠟鎗頭 / 蜡枪头
- 蠟面 / 蜡面
- 蠟面茶 / 蜡面茶
- 蠟鞭 / 蜡鞭
- 蠟香 / 蜡香
- 蠟鳳 / 蜡凤
- 蠟黃 / 蜡黄 (làhuáng)
- 蠟鼻 / 蜡鼻
- 頭蠟 / 头蜡
- 香蠟 / 香蜡
- 髮蠟 / 发蜡 (fàlà)
- 鯨蠟 / 鲸蜡
- 鳳蠟 / 凤蜡
- 黃蠟 / 黄蜡 (huánglà)
- 黃蠟蠟 / 黄蜡蜡
- 點蠟幔 / 点蜡幔
Descendants
Others:
- → Mongolian: лаа (laa, “candle”), лав (lav, “wax”)
- →? Proto-Vietic: *k-raːp (“wax”)
- Vietnamese: sáp (“wax; candle”)
- → Zhuang: lab (“candle”)
Japanese
| 蝋 | |
| 蠟 |
Kanji
蠟
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 蝋)
Readings
- Go-on: ろう (rō)←らふ (rafu, historical)
- Kan-on: ろう (rō)←らふ (rafu, historical)
Definitions
| For pronunciation and definitions of 蠟 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 蠟, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 蠟 (MC lap).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 랍〮 (Yale: láp) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 밀〯 (Yale: mǐl) | 랍〮 (Yale: láp) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾa̠p̚] ~ [na̠p̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [랍/납]
Hanja
蠟 (eumhun 밀 랍 (mil rap), word-initial (South Korea) 밀 납 (mil nap))
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
蠟: Hán Nôm readings: rệp, lạp, sáp
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999