頷
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Translingual
Han character
頷 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 人口一月金 (ORMBC) or 難人口一月 (XORMB), four-corner 81686, composition ⿰含頁)
Derived characters
- 𧂃
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1405, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43512
- Dae Jaweon: page 1922, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4375, character 13
- Unihan data for U+9837
Chinese
| trad. | 頷 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 颔 | |
| alternative forms | 顄/𱂰 “chin” 𩩊 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 頷 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 | |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ): phonetic 含 (OC *ɡɯːm) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-qəm (“jaw; chin; molar”) (STEDT under *gam).
Bodman (1980) considers it to be the endoactive of 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ham5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngâm / ngám
- Eastern Min (BUC): hàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ghoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
- Wade–Giles: han4
- Yale: hàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
- Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ham5
- Yale: háhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: ham5
- Guangdong Romanization: hem5
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐm¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngâm / ngám
- Hakka Romanization System: ngamˊ / ngamˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngam1 / ngam3
- Sinological IPA: /ŋam²⁴/, /ŋam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- ngâm - “chin”;
- ngám - “to nod”.
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ǎm
- Tâi-lô: ǎm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /am²²/
- IPA (Lukang): /am³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
- Tâi-lô: hām
- Phofsit Daibuun: ham
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ham²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎm
- Tâi-lô: hǎm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ham²²/
Note:
- ām/ǎm - vernacular (“neck”);
- hām/hǎm - literary (other senses).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: am6 / ham5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ăm / hâm
- Sinological IPA (key): /am³⁵/, /ham⁵⁵/
Note:
- am6 - vernacular (“neck”);
- ham5 - literary (other senses).
- Middle Chinese: hom, homX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤ[ə]mʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːm/, /*ɡɯːmʔ/
Definitions
頷
- chin; jowl
- to nod
- 大夫逆於竟者,執其手而與之言,道逆者,自車揖之,逆於門者,頷之而已。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dàfū nì yú jìng zhě, zhí qí shǒu ér yǔ zhī yán, dào nì zhě, zì chē yī zhī, nì yú mén zhě, hàn zhī ér yǐ. [Pinyin]
- Of the great officers who met him at the borders, he took the hands, and spoke with them. To those who met him [afterwards] on the road, he bowed, [saluting them with his hands]. To those [who were waiting] at the gate, he only nodded.
大夫逆于竟者,执其手而与之言,道逆者,自车揖之,逆于门者,颔之而已。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (Southern Min) neck
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 下巴 (“chin”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 脖子 (“neck”) [map]
Compounds
- 下頷 / 下颔 (xiàhàn)
- 吊頷 / 吊颔
- 咽頷 / 咽颔
- 大頷胿 / 大颔胿
- 探龍頷 / 探龙颔
- 燕頷 / 燕颔
- 燕頷儒生 / 燕颔儒生
- 燕頷書生 / 燕颔书生
- 燕頷虎頸 / 燕颔虎颈
- 燕頷虎頭 / 燕颔虎头
- 燕頷虎鬚 / 燕颔虎须 (yànhànhǔxū)
- 燕頷虯鬚 / 燕颔虬须
- 笑頷 / 笑颔
- 腫頷 / 肿颔
- 虎頭燕頷 / 虎头燕颔
- 豐頷 / 丰颔
- 長頷鹿 / 长颔鹿
- 霜顱雪頷 / 霜颅雪颔
- 靛頷 / 靛颔
- 面頷 / 面颔
- 頓頷 / 顿颔
- 頦頷 / 颏颔
- 頷下之珠 / 颔下之珠
- 頷下腺 / 颔下腺
- 頷仔 / 颔仔
- 頷仔筋 / 颔仔筋
- 頷仔領 / 颔仔领
- 頷仔頸 / 颔仔颈
- 頷仔骨 / 颔仔骨
- 頷命 / 颔命
- 頷垂 / 颔垂
- 頷垂仔 / 颔垂仔
- 頷巾 / 颔巾
- 頷捘 / 颔捘
- 頷珠 / 颔珠
- 頷環 / 颔环
- 頷聯 / 颔联 (hànlián)
- 頷胿 / 颔胿
- 頷腮 / 颔腮
- 頷詞 / 颔词
- 頷車 / 颔车
- 頷鏈 / 颔链
- 頷雪 / 颔雪
- 頷領 / 颔领
- 頷䫀 / 颔𫖱 (ām-kún)
- 頷頦 / 颔颏
- 頤頷 / 颐颔
- 頷頤 / 颔颐
- 頷頭 / 颔头
- 頷頸 / 颔颈 (ām-kún)
- 頷頸仔 / 颔颈仔
- 頷頸珠 / 颔颈珠
- 頷頸骨 / 颔颈骨
- 頷首 / 颔首 (hànshǒu)
- 頷骨 / 颔骨
- 顑頷 / 𱂱颔
- 鬢頷 / 鬓颔
- 鷰頷 / 燕颔
- 黃頷 / 黄颔
- 黃頷蛇 / 黄颔蛇
- 鼓頷 / 鼓颔
- 龍威燕頷 / 龙威燕颔
- 龍頷 / 龙颔
Japanese
Kanji
頷
- the chin; the lower jaw (あご)
- to nod (うなずく)
Readings
Korean
Hanja
頷 • (am) (hangeul 암)
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Vietnamese
Han character
頷: Hán Nôm readings: hạm, ham, hàm, hợm
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