-re
Catalan
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: -re
Suffix
-re
- forms Catalan second conjugation verbs
Conjugation
Variations to the Catalan second conjugation may show up.
- Regular conjugation
| infinitive | -re | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | -ent | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | -ut | -uda | |||||
| plural | -uts | -udes | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | -o | -s | - | -em | -eu | -en | |
| imperfect | -ia | -ies | -ia | -íem | -íeu | -ien | |
| future | -ré | -ràs | -rà | -rem | -reu | -ran | |
| preterite | -í | -eres | -é | -érem | -éreu | -eren | |
| conditional | -ria | -ries | -ria | -ríem | -ríeu | -rien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | -i | -is | -i | -em | -eu | -in | |
| imperfect | -és | -essis | -és | -éssim | -éssiu | -essin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| affirmative | — | - | -i | -em | -eu | -in | |
| negative (no) | — | no -is | no -i | no -em | no -eu | no -in | |
The preterite originally had -est for the second person singular and -ès for the plural in older versions of Catalan.
Finnish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-reˣ/, [-re̞(ʔ)]
Suffix
-re
- Forms nouns, mostly from nominal stems.
Usage notes
Attaches to the strong stem, while the alternative form -r attaches to the weak stem.
Declension
| Inflection of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -re | -reet | |
| genitive | -reen | -reiden -reitten | |
| partitive | -retta | -reita | |
| illative | -reeseen | -reisiin -reihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -re | -reet | |
| accusative | nom. | -re | -reet |
| gen. | -reen | ||
| genitive | -reen | -reiden -reitten | |
| partitive | -retta | -reita | |
| inessive | -reessa | -reissa | |
| elative | -reesta | -reista | |
| illative | -reeseen | -reisiin -reihin | |
| adessive | -reella | -reilla | |
| ablative | -reelta | -reilta | |
| allative | -reelle | -reille | |
| essive | -reena | -reina | |
| translative | -reeksi | -reiksi | |
| abessive | -reetta | -reitta | |
| instructive | — | -rein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Inflection of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -re | -reet | |
| genitive | -reen | -reiden -reitten | |
| partitive | -rettä | -reitä | |
| illative | -reeseen | -reisiin -reihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -re | -reet | |
| accusative | nom. | -re | -reet |
| gen. | -reen | ||
| genitive | -reen | -reiden -reitten | |
| partitive | -rettä | -reitä | |
| inessive | -reessä | -reissä | |
| elative | -reestä | -reistä | |
| illative | -reeseen | -reisiin -reihin | |
| adessive | -reellä | -reillä | |
| ablative | -reeltä | -reiltä | |
| allative | -reelle | -reille | |
| essive | -reenä | -reinä | |
| translative | -reeksi | -reiksi | |
| abessive | -reettä | -reittä | |
| instructive | — | -rein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
French
Etymology
Inherited from Latin -ere, third conjugation infinitive of -ō or -iō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁ/
- Hyphenation: -re
Suffix
-re
Usage notes
- Technically, -re is not a suffix or even a verb ending proper, as it is always part of a wider pattern in -dre, -ttre, -ire etc., and is only used as such for its practical aspect, as it groups verbs of very different conjugations, and several verbs of the third group do not end in -re.
Conjugation
| infinitive | simple | -re | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | -ant /ɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | -u /y/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | -s // |
-s // |
- // |
-ons /ɔ̃/ |
-ez /e/ |
-ent /ə/ |
| imperfect | -ais /ɛ/ |
-ais /ɛ/ |
-ait /ɛ/ |
-ions /jɔ̃/ |
-iez /je/ |
-aient /ɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | -is /i/ |
-is /i/ |
-it /i/ |
-îmes /im/ |
-îtes /it/ |
-irent /iʁ/ | |
| future | -rai /ʁe/ |
-ras /ʁa/ |
-ra /ʁa/ |
-rons /ʁɔ̃/ |
-rez /ʁe/ |
-ront /ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | -rais /ʁɛ/ |
-rais /ʁɛ/ |
-rait /ʁɛ/ |
-rions /ʁjɔ̃/ |
-riez /ʁje/ |
-raient /ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | -e /ə/ |
-es /ə/ |
-e /ə/ |
-ions /jɔ̃/ |
-iez /je/ |
-ent /ə/ |
| imperfect2 | -isse /is/ |
-isses /is/ |
-ît /i/ |
-issions /i.sjɔ̃/ |
-issiez /i.sje/ |
-issent /is/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | -s // |
— | -ons /ɔ̃/ |
-ez /e/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
- The table above shows the conjugation of verbs ending in -dre (e.g. rendre, vendre, ardre).
- In most verbs ending in -ttre, -tt regularly degeminates to -t before suffixes -s and -∅ (battre — bats, bat, not *batts, *batt).
- In most verbs ending in -ire, -is- are added between verb stem and verb ending starting in vowels (conduire — conduisais, but conduis), and past participle ends in -t, not *-isu.
- There are many exceptions on -re verbs, the most irregular -re verb is the auxiliary verb être. See more at Appendix:French irregular verbs.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [rɛ]
- Rhymes: -rɛ
- Hyphenation: -re
Suffix
-re
Usage notes
- (sublative case suffix) Variants:
- -ra is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -re is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
| case | back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként1 | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
See also
- rá
- Category:Hungarian terms taking -ra/-re
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
| case | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)1 | verbal prefix |
category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ |
– | – |
| accusative | -t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt |
kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ |
– | c1 c2 |
| dative | -nak / -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | category |
| instrumental | -val / -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel |
azzal/ avval |
vele | category | |
| causal-final | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | category |
| translative | -vá / -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | category |
| terminative | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | category |
| essive-formal | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | category |
| essive-modal | -ul / -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | category |
| inessive | -ban / -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | category |
| superessive | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | category |
| adessive | -nál / -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | category |
| illative | -ba / -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | category |
| sublative | -ra / -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | category |
| allative | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | category |
| elative | -ból / -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | category |
| delative | -ról / -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | category |
| ablative | -tól / -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | category |
1Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template
Japanese
Romanization
-re
Middle English
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old English -ru, from Proto-West Germanic *-iʀu, from Proto-Germanic *-izō.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-ər(ə)/, /-rə/
Suffix
-re
Descendants
References
- “-e)re, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
Suffix
-re
- alternative form of -ere (comparative suffix)
Etymology 3
Suffix
-re
- alternative form of -eren
Etymology 4
Suffix
-re
- alternative form of -erie
Old English
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, possibly from Latin -ārius.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /re/
- Hyphenation: -re
Suffix
-re (Late West Saxon)
- masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns
Declension
Strong ja-stem:
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -re | -ras |
| accusative | -re | -ras |
| genitive | -res | -ra |
| dative | -re | -rum |
Derived terms
Descendants
- English: -er
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix
-re
- Marks the strong feminine genitive, dative, and instrumental singular of adjectives.
Romanian
Etymology
From the Latin infinitive endings (-are, -ere, -ire). Used in Romanian with a verb to form the "long infinitive", which is a verbal noun. See also the short infinitive forms of Romanian verbs, -a, -ea, -e, and -i.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /re/
- Hyphenation: -re
Suffix
-re f (plural -ri)
- Attached to the ends of verb infinitives to form nouns, meaning "the action or result of"; -ing, -ation
- traduce (“to translate”) + -re → traducere - translating, translation (the action or result of translation)
- conjuga (“to conjugate”) + -re → conjugare - conjugating, conjugation (the action or result of conjugation)
- vorbi (“to speak”) + -re → vorbire - speech, speaking (the action or result of speech)
- avea (“to have”) + -re → avere - wealth, riches (the result of having)
Usage notes
Most verb infinitives simply add -re, but second conjugation verbs (those ending in -ea) drop the a before adding the suffix. Verbs in -î change to â in accordance with normal orthographic rules.
- Type 1
- cânta becomes cântare
- lucra becomes lucrare
- Type 2
- plăcea becomes plăcere
- vedea becomes vedere
- Type 3
- cere becomes cerere
- naște becomes naștere
- Type 4
- vorbi becomes vorbire
- urî becomes urâre
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | -re | -rea | -ri | -rile | |
| genitive-dative | -ri | -rii | -ri | -rilor | |
| vocative | -re, -reo | -rilor | |||
Slovak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [re]
- Hyphenation: -re
Suffix
-re
- dative/locative singular of -ra
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɾe/ [ˈɾe]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: -re
Suffix
-re
- (archaic) first/third-person singular future subjunctive
Swedish
Etymology
Derived from Old Norse -ri, derived from Proto-Germanic *-izô.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-rɛ/
- Hyphenation: -re
Suffix
-re
- Forms the comparative degree of a few adjectives, most of which change their stem vowel (umlaut) when this happens.
See also
Pronoun
-re
- (colloquial) pronunciation spelling of det; see re
Pronoun
-re
- (colloquial) pronunciation spelling of dig; see re