sopio

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

Verb

sōpiō (present infinitive sōpīre, perfect active sōpīvī or sōpiī, supine sōpītum); fourth conjugation

  1. (transitive) to deprive of feeling
  2. (transitive) to lull to sleep, put to sleep
    Synonym: sēdō
  3. (transitive) to render unconscious, knock out
  4. (figuratively, transitive) to kill
    Synonyms: necō, obtruncō, caedō, interficiō, trucīdō, tollō, peragō, percutiō, interimō, perimō, iugulō, cōnficiō, occīdō, ēnecō, dēiciō, absūmō, cōnsūmō
  5. (figuratively, transitive) to quiet, calm, soothe
    Synonyms: domō, lēniō, sēdō, dēlēniō, mītigō, plācō, mānsuēscō, mānsuētō, mānsuēfaciō, permulceō, restinguō, commītigō, compōnō, levō, ēlevō, allevō, alleviō, sileō, molliō
    Antonyms: sollicitō, excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, efferō, exciō, perpellō, concieō, concitō, īnflammō, cieō, incendō
Conjugation
   Conjugation of sōpiō (fourth conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sōpiō sōpīs sōpit sōpīmus sōpītis sōpiunt
imperfect sōpiēbam sōpiēbās sōpiēbat sōpiēbāmus sōpiēbātis sōpiēbant
future sōpiam sōpiēs sōpiet sōpiēmus sōpiētis sōpient
perfect sōpīvī,
sōpiī 		sōpīvistī,
sōpiistī 		sōpīvit,
sōpiit 		sōpīvimus,
sōpiimus 		sōpīvistis,
sōpiistis 		sōpīvērunt,
sōpīvēre,
sōpiērunt,
sōpiēre
pluperfect sōpīveram,
sōpieram 		sōpīverās,
sōpierās 		sōpīverat,
sōpierat 		sōpīverāmus,
sōpierāmus 		sōpīverātis,
sōpierātis 		sōpīverant,
sōpierant
future perfect sōpīverō,
sōpierō 		sōpīveris,
sōpieris 		sōpīverit,
sōpierit 		sōpīverimus,
sōpierimus 		sōpīveritis,
sōpieritis 		sōpīverint,
sōpierint
passive present sōpior sōpīris,
sōpīre 		sōpītur sōpīmur sōpīminī sōpiuntur
imperfect sōpiēbar sōpiēbāris,
sōpiēbāre 		sōpiēbātur sōpiēbāmur sōpiēbāminī sōpiēbantur
future sōpiar sōpiēris,
sōpiēre 		sōpiētur sōpiēmur sōpiēminī sōpientur
perfect sōpītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect sōpītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect sōpītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sōpiam sōpiās sōpiat sōpiāmus sōpiātis sōpiant
imperfect sōpīrem sōpīrēs sōpīret sōpīrēmus sōpīrētis sōpīrent
perfect sōpīverim,
sōpierim 		sōpīverīs,
sōpierīs 		sōpīverit,
sōpierit 		sōpīverīmus,
sōpierīmus 		sōpīverītis,
sōpierītis 		sōpīverint,
sōpierint
pluperfect sōpīvissem,
sōpiissem 		sōpīvissēs,
sōpiissēs 		sōpīvisset,
sōpiisset 		sōpīvissēmus,
sōpiissēmus 		sōpīvissētis,
sōpiissētis 		sōpīvissent,
sōpiissent
passive present sōpiar sōpiāris,
sōpiāre 		sōpiātur sōpiāmur sōpiāminī sōpiantur
imperfect sōpīrer sōpīrēris,
sōpīrēre 		sōpīrētur sōpīrēmur sōpīrēminī sōpīrentur
perfect sōpītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect sōpītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — sōpī — — sōpīte —
future — sōpītō sōpītō — sōpītōte sōpiuntō
passive present — sōpīre — — sōpīminī —
future — sōpītor sōpītor — — sōpiuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present sōpīre sōpīrī sōpiēns —
future sōpītūrum esse sōpītum īrī sōpītūrus sōpiendus,
sōpiundus
perfect sōpīvisse,
sōpiisse 		sōpītum esse — sōpītus
future perfect — sōpītum fore — —
perfect potential sōpītūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
sōpiendī sōpiendō sōpiendum sōpiendō sōpītum sōpītū
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → Italian: sopire (learned)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *assōpīre

Etymology 2

Nikolaev connects the word to prosapia "race, lineage", and derives both from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂p- "strike", with semantic development "strike > have sexual intercourse > beget".[1]

Noun

sōpiō m (genitive sōpiōnis); third declension

  1. A drawing of a man with a prominent penis
    • Catullus 37
      Frontem tabernae sopionibus scribam
      I will draw pictures of penises on the front of the tavern.
    • Anonymous graffito in Pompeii
      Ut merdas edatis, qui scripseras sopionis
      You who have drawn pictures of penises, eat shit!
Declension

Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative sōpiō sōpiōnēs
genitive sōpiōnis sōpiōnum
dative sōpiōnī sōpiōnibus
accusative sōpiōnem sōpiōnēs
ablative sōpiōne sōpiōnibus
vocative sōpiō sōpiōnēs

References

  1. ^ Nikolaev, Alexander (2015) “The origin of Latin prōsāpia”, in Glotta‎[1], volume 91, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, pages 226–249
  • “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sopio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • S. A. Handford & Mary Herberg (2003), Latin-English : English-Latin Dictionary (Berlin: Langenscheidt)
  • sopio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
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